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Portable Accumulation Chambers to measure greenhouse gas emissions in sheep

用于测量绵羊温室气体排放的便携式累积室

基本信息

批准号：
BB/V019279/1
负责人：
Joanne Conington
金额：
$ 28.56万
依托单位：
Scotland's Rural College
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV019279%2F1
关键词：
Portable Accumulation Chambers measure greenhouse

项目摘要

More than 30% of the Earth's total land mass is used for grazing livestock production, mainly by ruminant animals, largely due to geographical constraints on arable production. The evolutionary adaptation of the ruminant's ability to convert pasture to animal products such as meat, milk, and fibre may have been successfully harnessed, but ruminant production has an unwanted by-product. During the breakdown of plant material in the rumen, excess hydrogen is produced, and this hydrogen is metabolized by rumen microbes and eructed by the animal as methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Methane is not only an environmentally detrimental waste product but also represents ~8% digestible energy loss to the animal. The scale of this problem means that the sustainability of profitable livestock farming throughout the world is increasingly threatened by methane emissions. Proposed global agreements to lower these emissions, such as those outlined in the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, pose an economic challenge in countries such as the UK, New Zealand, Uruguay, Ireland and others where agricultural exports from pastoral production are a major economic driver. Given that global demand for meat and milk is estimated to increase by at least 1% per annum between now and 2050, strategies for mitigation that are applicable across geographically-distinct farming systems are needed. Such a strategy would be a major scientific, economic and environmental breakthrough. There are 1.1bn sheep in the world producing around 137.8M tonnes of CO2eq (or 6.56M tonnes of CH4) per annum. Therefore, global emissions of GHG (CO2eq) due to enteric fermentation of sheep accounts for 2.6% of total agricultural emissions (FAOSTAT 2016). The overall objective of this proposal is to request funding for portable accumulation chambers (PACs) to measure methane emissions from sheep. This equipment is essential for the measurement of individual animals' methane emissions for use in GHG mitigation strategies such as breeding approaches. Breeding animals that emit lower levels of methane is a sustainable and cumulative way to address the issue of lowering carbon emissions from Agricultural production and this equipment is integral for this to be enabled for the sheep (and potentially also goat) sectors. The UK lags behind other major sheep-producing nations such as New Zealand, Australia, France and Ireland, in that is does not yet have the equipment required to enable the integration of GHG emission reduction into sheep breeding programmes. New opportunities will be unlocked to collaborate with industry partners in projects that will use the equipment for genetic, genomic and nutritional approaches, amongst others. In particular, PAC equipment can be used to investigate links between methane emissions and information generated from the rumen microbiome, which is currently actively being addressed as part of an international EU-funded research project (GrassToGas) in which SRUC is a partner.

地球总面积的30%以上用于放牧畜牧业生产，主要是反刍动物，这主要是由于可耕地生产的地理限制。反刍动物将牧草转化为肉类、牛奶和纤维等动物产品的能力的进化适应可能已被成功利用，但反刍动物生产有一个不需要的副产品。在瘤胃中植物物质分解的过程中，会产生过量的氢，这些氢被瘤胃微生物代谢，并被动物作为甲烷排出，甲烷是一种强效的温室气体。甲烷不仅是一种对环境有害的废物，而且对动物来说也代表了约8%的可消化能量损失。这一问题的严重性意味着全世界有利可图的畜牧业的可持续性日益受到甲烷排放的威胁。拟议中的降低这些排放的全球协议，如《京都议定书》和《巴黎协定》中概述的协议，对英国、新西兰、乌拉圭、爱尔兰等国家构成了经济挑战，这些国家的畜牧业生产的农产品出口是主要经济驱动力。鉴于从现在到2050年，全球对肉类和牛奶的需求估计每年至少增长1%，因此需要适用于地理上不同的农业系统的缓解战略。这一战略将是科学、经济和环境方面的重大突破。世界上有11亿只羊每年产生约1.378亿吨二氧化碳当量（或656万吨甲烷）。因此，绵羊肠道发酵产生的全球温室气体排放量（CO2当量）占农业总排放量的2.6%（FAOSTAT 2016）。本提案的总体目标是为便携式累积室申请资金，以测量绵羊的甲烷排放量。该设备对于测量个体动物的甲烷排放量至关重要，可用于温室气体减排策略，如育种方法。饲养排放较低甲烷水平的动物是解决农业生产中降低碳排放问题的可持续和累积方式，该设备是绵羊（可能还有山羊）部门实现这一目标的不可或缺的一部分。英国落后于新西兰、澳大利亚、法国和爱尔兰等其他主要产羊国，因为它还没有将温室气体减排纳入养羊计划所需的设备。将释放新的机会，与行业合作伙伴在项目中合作，这些项目将使用设备进行遗传，基因组和营养方法等。特别是，PAC设备可用于调查甲烷排放与瘤胃微生物组产生的信息之间的联系，目前正在积极解决这一问题，作为欧盟资助的国际研究项目（GrassToGas）的一部分，SRUC是该项目的合作伙伴。