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Unravelling the effect of winter warming on flowering time, flower fertility and crop yield

揭示冬季变暖对开花时间、花卉肥力和作物产量的影响

基本信息

批准号：
BB/W000415/1
负责人：
Steven Penfield
金额：
$ 92.78万
依托单位：
John Innes Centre
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW000415%2F1
关键词：
Unravelling effect winter warming flowering

项目摘要

Climate change is predicted to warm winters in western Europe between 2C and 8C above pre-industrial temperatures this century. It is well known that warm winters negatively affect the yield of perennial crops where incomplete chilling of flower buds in winter leads to weak bud break and fewer open flowers: indeed the requirement for winter chill generally determines the climate zones favourable for cultivation of temperate perennial crops. In Europe high yielding major arable crops are grown as winter annuals, that is they are sown in late summer or autumn and have a requirement for winter chilling to promote the transition to flowering in spring, a process known as vernalisation. However, we have recently shown that for the winter oilseed rape crop this vernalisation process actually happens in mid-autumn, followed quickly by the floral transition and formation of a flower bud in late autumn. We also showed that the stage of flower bud development corresponds to a period in the field where warm winter temperatures have a substantial negative affect on the UK yields the following summer. This raises the question of whether like perennials, winter annual crops have a requirement for chilling of flower buds to maximise crop performance in the following spring, and whether climate change is reducing yields in climate zones where winter chilling is not guaranteed. The preliminary data provided here provides compelling support for this hypothesis. Most specifically, we show that chilling of flower buds promotes earlier bud break in spring, and that winter warming of flower buds leads to production flowers in spring with obvious abnormalities and poor fertility.This proposal uses a combination of physiology, molecular genetics, breeding and genomic approaches to understand the mechanism by which warm winters negatively impacts winter oilseed rape yields, especially in climate zones prone to warm spells during early winter when inflorescence development is taking place, such as the United Kingdom and China. Then we will use genomic approaches to breeding to clone genes in oilseed rape that may confer more resilient yields in growing seasons with warm winters, exploiting our previous discovery of one variety that we show has no significant yield response to temperature variation during inflorescence development. By introgressing these traits into elite germplasm we can determine whether climate change resilient genetics can be combined with modern high yielding lines to generate lines suitable for modern breeding programmes.

据预测，本世纪气候变化将使西欧的冬季变暖，比工业化前的温度高出2至8摄氏度。众所周知，暖冬会对多年生作物的产量产生负面影响，因为冬季花蕾的不完全冷却导致花蕾断裂弱，开放的花朵较少。事实上，对冬季寒冷的需求通常决定了温带多年生作物的有利气候区。在欧洲，高产的主要可耕地作物是作为冬季一年生作物种植的，也就是说，它们在夏末或秋季播种，需要冬季降温，以促进春季开花的过渡，这一过程被称为春化。然而，我们最近的研究表明，对于冬季油菜作物来说，这种春化过程实际上发生在中秋，随后在深秋迅速开花并形成花蕾。我们还表明，花蕾发育阶段对应于田间暖冬温度对次年夏季英国产量产生实质性负面影响的时期。这就提出了一个问题：冬季一年生作物是否像多年生植物一样，需要对花蕾进行冷却，以便在接下来的春天最大限度地提高作物的产量，以及气候变化是否正在减少冬季冷却无法保证的气候带的产量。这里提供的初步数据为这一假设提供了强有力的支持。具体地说，我们发现花蕾的冷却促进了春季花蕾的提前破裂，而花蕾的冬季升温导致春季开花明显异常且生育力差。该提案结合了生理学、分子遗传学、育种和基因组学的方法来理解暖冬对冬季油菜产量产生负面影响的机制，特别是在英国和中国等早冬容易出现暖期的气候地区，当花序正在发育时。然后，我们将使用基因组方法来育种克隆油菜基因，这些基因可能在暖冬的生长季节赋予更有弹性的产量，利用我们之前发现的一个品种，我们表明在花序发育过程中对温度变化没有显著的产量响应。通过将这些性状渗入到优质种质中，我们可以确定是否可以将适应气候变化的遗传基因与现代高产品系结合起来，产生适合现代育种计划的品系。