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21EBTA: NO CARBON LOST - ELIMINATING CO2 PRODUCTION FROM FERMENTATION PROCESSES

21EBTA：无碳损失 - 消除发酵过程中二氧化碳的产生

基本信息

批准号：
BB/W01453X/1
负责人：
Nigel Minton
金额：
$ 193.47万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW01453X%2F1
关键词：
21EBTA NO CARBON LOST ELIMINATING

项目摘要

The world currently faces a number of crises, but none more potentially devastating than climate change. Perversely, it has been during the period of the global pandemic that any remaining doubts that man is not responsible have seemingly evaporated. During this period, the occurrence of extreme weather patterns appear to have proliferated with headline news reporting on floods, heatwaves, forest fires, hurricanes/tornados and the continuing documentation of melting ice sheets. All is a consequence of use of fossils fuels for our energy and chemicals manufacture and the consequent emissions of the Greenhouse gas (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2). Whilst it is conceivable that the ingenuity of humankind can expand our array of alternative energy sources (wind, solar, hydro, battery power) to a level that dispense with the need for using fossil fuels for energy and heating, modern society is entirely reliant on the chemicals and materials that are currently derived from oil. Almost everything that surrounds us that is not made of metal, wood, stone, glass, wool or cotton is made from oil. That includes plastics, carpets, clothing, shoes, cosmetics, medicines, wind turbine blades, boats, etc. Accordingly, one of the greatest challenges facing society is the future sustainable production of chemicals from non-petrochemical resources while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The solution is to derive processes that can convert plant material, or biomass, into the chemicals and materials we need. This may be accomplished by microbial fermentation processes wherein the biomass is broken down either through the action of hydrolytic enzymes into simple sugars or through the action of heat into simple single carbon gases CO and CO2 and hydrogen. The latter process is called gasification, and the gas mixture generated referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. These simple forms of carbon, sugar or syngas, may then be fermented by microbes into a desired product. A simple example would be making beer, where the yeast microbe converts sugar into ethanol. The exploitation of biomass in this way will feature prominently in meeting the UKs NetZero targets. Theoretically, any microbe can be engineered to make any chemical. However, traditional, carbohydrate-based fermentation processes, such as ethanol production, waste more than one third of the carbon which is not incorporated into the product but lost in the form of CO2. Eliminating this loss would ablate the emission of a greenhouse gas that is inherent to microbial fermentations and dramatically improve productivity, potentially by greater than 50%. This project, NO CARBON LOST, explicitly sets out to develop microbes and processes that grow on the deconstructed biomass with releasing CO2 and makes more product. The foundations of our strategy were initiated during lockdown and draw on current activity at SBRC Nottingham related to exploitation of gaseous and sugar feedstocks. We will use monocultures to exploit a platform bacterial strain to make an alcohol from biomass-derived sugars or syngas while at the same time while simultaneously fixing CO2. In parallel, we will use an artificial synthetic, community comprising an engineered biomass-degrading bacterium and a Co2-consumimg microbe, to make the desired products (an alcohol and a volatile fatty acid) without CO2 production. We will also produce a biodegradable plastic using a combination of the two. The project will be underpinned by computerised modelling of the processes in operation. The work undertaken will be carefully monitored and ensured to undertaken in a socially acceptable manner.NO CARBON LOST seeks to build on the knowledge and capabilities of SBRC Nottingham in engineering the biology of gas fermenting chassis to introduce a step-change in fermentation processes traditionally used with carbohydrate feedstocks, further reducing the carbon footprint of biomass exploitation.

世界目前面临着一些危机，但没有一个比气候变化更具潜在破坏性。然而，正是在全球大流行期间，对人类不负责任的任何怀疑似乎都消失了。在此期间，极端天气模式的出现似乎激增，头条新闻报道了洪水、热浪、森林火灾、飓风/龙卷风，并不断记录冰盖融化的情况。这一切都是由于我们的能源和化学品生产使用化石燃料以及随之而来的温室气体（GHG），二氧化碳（CO2）排放的结果。虽然可以想象，人类的聪明才智可以将我们的替代能源（风能，太阳能，水力，电池）扩展到无需使用化石燃料作为能源和供暖的水平，但现代社会完全依赖于目前从石油中提取的化学品和材料。我们周围几乎所有不是由金属、木材、石头、玻璃、羊毛或棉花制成的东西都是由石油制成的。这包括塑料、地毯、服装、鞋、化妆品、药品、风力涡轮机叶片、船只等。因此，社会面临的最大挑战之一是未来从非石化资源可持续地生产化学品，同时减少温室气体（GHG）排放。解决方案是开发能够将植物材料或生物质转化为我们所需的化学品和材料的工艺。这可以通过微生物发酵过程来实现，其中生物质通过水解酶的作用分解成单糖或通过热的作用分解成简单的单碳气体CO和CO2以及氢气。后一种过程称为气化，产生的气体混合物称为合成气或合成气。这些简单形式的碳，糖或合成气，然后可以通过微生物发酵成所需的产品。一个简单的例子是酿造啤酒，酵母菌将糖转化为乙醇。以这种方式开发生物质将在实现英国净零目标方面发挥突出作用。从理论上讲，任何微生物都可以被改造成任何化学品。然而，传统的基于碳水化合物的发酵过程，如乙醇生产，浪费了超过三分之一的碳，这些碳没有被纳入产品中，而是以CO2的形式损失。消除这种损失将消除微生物发酵固有的温室气体排放，并显着提高生产力，可能超过50%。这个项目，没有碳损失，明确规定开发微生物和过程，生长在解构的生物质释放二氧化碳，并使更多的产品。我们的战略基础是在封锁期间启动的，并借鉴了SBRC诺丁汉目前与气体和糖原料开采有关的活动。我们将使用单一培养来利用平台细菌菌株从生物质衍生的糖或合成气中制造酒精，同时同时固定二氧化碳。与此同时，我们将使用一个人工合成的社区，包括一个工程生物质降解细菌和一个CO2消耗微生物，使所需的产品（酒精和挥发性脂肪酸）没有CO2的生产。我们还将使用两者的组合来生产可生物降解的塑料。该项目将以运作过程的计算机化模型为基础。所开展的工作将被仔细监控，并确保以社会可接受的方式进行。NO CARBON LOST旨在利用SBRC诺丁汉在气体发酵底盘生物学工程方面的知识和能力，对传统上使用碳水化合物原料的发酵工艺进行逐步改变，进一步减少生物质开采的碳足迹。