SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN STUDIES OF BIOMOLECULES

本研究的目的是发展表面增强拉曼光谱 表面增强共振拉曼 散射（SERRS）技术用于生物分子的研究。 在此期间，有四个具体目标。 第一 是继续开发新的基质， Sers/SERRS。 这将包括使用Au和Cu以及 Ag以电极、薄膜和涂覆的球形形式存在， 已知的尺寸分布。 表面增强拉曼光谱Sers在分子生物学研究中的应用 化学改性的表面（特别是SnO 2和碳）将 也继续。 修改将通过以下方式完成： Langmuir-Blodgett自发吸附、沉积 单层和共价键。 第二个目标是追求 Sers研究的氨基酸，蛋白质，和脂质上的 上述金属以及改性的电极表面。 目的是确定这些因素之间的具体相互作用 分子和电极表面。 SERRS在电子作用机理研究中的应用 转移蛋白是第三个目标。 的方法 评价黄素酶的活性和结构， 将寻找细胞色素C。 新的程序来吸收这些 将尝试将蛋白质结合到电极表面， 保持其原有的结构。 许多蛋白质含有 还将通过SERRS检查染色体。 这些将 包括光合制剂、光敏色素， 藻蓝蛋白 这些研究的目的是利用表面 SERRS的灵敏度，以确定结构信息 蛋白质 第四个目标是追求纯粹的分析应用， Sers/SERRS。 这将包括检测分离的蛋白质， 层析 用于检测小分子相互作用的方法 具有捕获蛋白的发色分子也将被 研究了 在所有上述研究中，将努力 增加表面拉曼技术的灵敏度， 使用新的实验方法（即光纤， 衰减全反射显微拉曼采样 程序）。 探测器技术的进步也将是 这对于实现这一目标至关重要。

The goal of this research is to develop surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) techniques for the study of biomolecules. During this funding period there are four specific aims. The first is to continue the development of new substrates for SERS/SERRS. This will include the use of Au and Cu as well as Ag in the form of electrodes, thin films, and coated spheres of known size distribution. The application of SERS to the study of chemically modified surfaces (especially SnO2 and carbon) will also be continued. Modification will be accomplished by spontaneous adsorption, deposition of Langmuir Blodgett monolayers, and covalent bonding. The second aim is to pursue SERS investigations of amino acids, proteins, and lipids on the above named metals, as well as the modified electrode surfaces. The objective is to identify specific interactions between these molecules and the electrode surfaces. The application of SERRS to mechanistic studies of electron transfer proteins constitutes the third aim. Methods for the evaluation of activity and structure in flavoenzymes and cytochrome c will be sought. New procedures for adsorbing these proteins to electrode surfaces will be attempted in an effort to preserve their native structure. A number of proteins containing chromosphores will also be examined by SERRS. These will include photosynthetic preparations, phytochrome, and phycocyanin. The goal of these studies is to utilize the surface sensitivity of SERRS to determine structural information about the proteins. The fourth aim is to pursue purely analytical applications of SERS/SERRS. This will include detection of proteins separated by chromatography. Methods for detecting the interaction of small chromophoric molecules with capture proteins will also be investigated. In all of the above studies, an effort will be made to increase the sensitivity of the surface Raman technique through the use of new experimental approaches (i.e. fiber optics, attenuated total reflectance and micro Raman sampling procedures). Advances in detector technology will also be important with respect to this goal.