APPLICATION OF NEW RAMAN TECHNIQUES TO BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE

这项研究的长期目标是开发新的拉曼技术， 对完整生物样品，包括细胞膜、细胞 表面和组织。 建议授标期间的具体目标 包括以下内容：（1）.目前研究工作的继续 涉及表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）的应用， 表面增强共振拉曼散射（SERRS）技术进行研究 生物分子;（2）。将这些技术扩展到复杂的 生物系统;（3）。各种拉曼技术的应用， 对血红蛋白、金属取代酶和金属核苷酸研究 配合物;和（4）.拉曼微探针技术发展 技术. 新发现的表面增强拉曼效应 在生物学领域的应用潜力巨大， 药 在拉曼散射的巨大增加， 分子吸附在Ag、Au或Cu表面，允许检测 亚单层量的材料。 因此，有许多可能的 生物分析应用。 此外，该技术还应 在基础生物医学研究中很有价值。 表面灵敏度 应该允许检测膜表面附近或膜表面上的分子。 它 也可以监测这些分子和探针的反应 其功能也。 实验将通过首先检查孤立的 生物分子的表面增强拉曼技术。 氨基酸蛋白质 和脂质将被研究。 研究了吸附作用对聚苯乙烯结构的影响， 蛋白质将通过监测酶的活性进行检查， 表面。 接下来，将研究更复杂的系统。 这些将包括 从光合作用膜中分离的制剂。 这些研究报告将 然后检查完整的膜。 目标是检测 存在于这些膜中的天然探针分子（叶绿素， 类胡萝卜素、血红素等）。 为研究 光合膜应该适用于其他类型的 膜。 表面增强拉曼技术与拉曼技术结合的可能性 将研究微探针光谱学。 如果成功，这种方法 可用于病理学、组织学以及基础医学等领域。 research.

The long term goal of this research is to develop new Raman techniques for the study of intact biological samples, including cell membranes, cell surfaces, and tissues. The specific aims during the proposed award period include the following: (1). the continuation of current research efforts relating to the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) techniques to the study of biomolecules; (2). the extension of these techniques to complex biological systems; (3). the application of the various Raman techniques to the study of hemoglobins, metal-substituted enzymes, and metal-nucleotide complexes; and (4). the development of expertise in Raman microprobe techniques. The newly discovered surface-enhanced Raman effect has considerable potential for applications in the fields of biology and medicine. The enormous increase in Raman scattering which results when molecules are adsorbed at Ag, Au, or Cu surfaces permits detection of submonolayer amounts of materials. Thus, there are many possible bioanalytical applications. In addition, however, the technique should prove valuable in basic biomedical research. The surface sensitivity should allow the detection of molecules near, or on, membrane surfaces. It may also be possible to monitor reactions of these molecules and probe their functions as well. The experiments will proceed by first examining the behavior of isolated biomolecules by surface-enhanced Raman techniques. Amino acids, proteins, and lipids will be studied. The effect of adsorption on the structure of proteins will be examined by monitoring the activity of enzymes on the surfaces. Next, more complex systems will be examined. These will include preparations isolated from photosynthetic membranes. These studies will be followed by an examination of intact membranes. The goal is to detect the natural probe molecules present in these membranes (chlorophylls, carotenoids, hemes, etc.). Techniques developed for the study of the photosynthetic membrane should then be applicable for other types of membranes. The possibility of combining surface-enhanced Raman techniques with Raman microprobe spectroscopy will be investigated. If successful, this approach could be used in areas such as pathology, histology, as well as basic research.