APPLICATION OF NEW RAMAN TECHNIQUES TO BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE

这项研究的长期目标是开发新的拉曼技术 对完整的生物样本的研究，包括细胞膜、细胞 表面和组织。拟议奖励期内的具体目标 包括以下内容：(1)。当前研究工作的继续 关于表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)的应用和 表面增强共振拉曼散射(SERRS)技术的研究 生物分子；(2)。将这些技术扩展到复杂的 (3)生物系统；各种拉曼技术在光谱分析中的应用 血红蛋白、金属取代酶和金属核苷酸的研究 复合体；(4)。拉曼微探头专业技术的发展 技巧。新发现的表面增强拉曼效应 在生物和生物领域具有相当大的应用潜力 医药。拉曼散射的巨大增加，当 分子吸附在银、金或铜表面，允许检测 材料的亚单层数量。因此，有很多种可能 生物分析应用。然而，除此之外，这项技术应该 在基础生物医学研究中证明是有价值的。表面敏感度 应允许检测靠近膜表面或膜表面上的分子。它 也可能监测这些分子和探针的反应 它们的功能也是如此。 实验将首先检查孤立的动物的行为 生物分子的表面增强拉曼光谱技术。氨基酸，蛋白质， 还将对血脂进行研究。吸附对分子筛结构的影响 蛋白质将通过监测蛋白质上的酶活性来检测 表面。接下来，我们将研究更复杂的系统。这些措施包括 从光合膜中分离出来的制剂。这些研究将是 然后对完整的膜进行检查。目标是检测 存在于这些膜中的天然探针分子(叶绿素， 类胡萝卜素、血红素等)。为研究生物多样性而开发的技术 因此，光合作用膜应适用于其他类型的 膜。 表面增强拉曼技术与拉曼技术相结合的可能性 将对微探针光谱学进行研究。如果成功，这种方法 可用于病理学、组织学以及基础研究等领域 研究。

The long term goal of this research is to develop new Raman techniques for the study of intact biological samples, including cell membranes, cell surfaces, and tissues. The specific aims during the proposed award period include the following: (1). the continuation of current research efforts relating to the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) techniques to the study of biomolecules; (2). the extension of these techniques to complex biological systems; (3). the application of the various Raman techniques to the study of hemoglobins, metal-substituted enzymes, and metal-nucleotide complexes; and (4). the development of expertise in Raman microprobe techniques. The newly discovered surface-enhanced Raman effect has considerable potential for applications in the fields of biology and medicine. The enormous increase in Raman scattering which results when molecules are adsorbed at Ag, Au, or Cu surfaces permits detection of submonolayer amounts of materials. Thus, there are many possible bioanalytical applications. In addition, however, the technique should prove valuable in basic biomedical research. The surface sensitivity should allow the detection of molecules near, or on, membrane surfaces. It may also be possible to monitor reactions of these molecules and probe their functions as well. The experiments will proceed by first examining the behavior of isolated biomolecules by surface-enhanced Raman techniques. Amino acids, proteins, and lipids will be studied. The effect of adsorption on the structure of proteins will be examined by monitoring the activity of enzymes on the surfaces. Next, more complex systems will be examined. These will include preparations isolated from photosynthetic membranes. These studies will be followed by an examination of intact membranes. The goal is to detect the natural probe molecules present in these membranes (chlorophylls, carotenoids, hemes, etc.). Techniques developed for the study of the photosynthetic membrane should then be applicable for other types of membranes. The possibility of combining surface-enhanced Raman techniques with Raman microprobe spectroscopy will be investigated. If successful, this approach could be used in areas such as pathology, histology, as well as basic research.