CROSS-LANGUGE STUDIES OF PROCESSES BASIC TO READING

阅读基础过程的跨语言研究

• 批准号: 3310910
• 负责人: GEORGIJE L LUKATELA
• 金额: $ 5.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-06-01 至 1986-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3310910
• 关键词: Bosnia-Hercegovina; United States; adult human (21+); auditory discrimination; child (0-11); child psychology; form /pattern perception; information theory; language development; memory; neural information processing; nonEnglish language; perception; perceptual maskings; reading; semantics

Five questions are addressed of how individual words, in isolation and in word contexts, are visually perceived by adult readers, beginning readers and agrammatical readers (aphasics). Information processing theory and methods (lexical decision, rapid naming) are used. The first question is whether phonologically-mediated access and visual access of lexical memory depend on the orthography. The phonologically precise Serbo-Croatian orthography is compared with the phonologically less precise English orthography. The experiments exploit Yogoslavia's two alphabets and its bialphabetic readers. Though largely different, the Roman and Cyrillic alphabets share some letter forms, a few of which represent different phonemes in the two alphabets. The second question focuses on how word kinds are represented in the internal lexicon. The nouns and adjectives of Serbo-Croatian are declined, its verbs are conjugated. Experiments investigate the relation's among the representations of a noun's inflected forms under conditions of visual and auditory access. With repetition priming providing a benchmark, the strengths of the various connections among a noun's grammatical cases are evaluated in the mature and the beginning reader. The third question explores among linguistic subsystems in reading; for example, how independent is the system that evaluates the grammatical consistency of a word sequence from the lexical processor and the reader's non-linguistic, pragmatic knowledge? The question is posed, in part, as a study of the priming of one word by another where the words agree or disagree in case, number and/or gender, are semantically related or unrelated, and refer to a real-world event or an anomaly. What is the degree of lateralization of the phonological and grammatical functions addressed in the preceding questions? Lexical decisions on words presented briefly in the left and right visual half-fields (to the right and left hemisphere, respectively) are studied as functions of phonological ambiquity and of grammatical congruency with preceding words. Studies with aphasics complement these studies with normals. The fifth and final question asks: How is the acquisition of reading affected by the orthography in which the language is written. Beginning readers of Serbo-Croatian and English are compared on common tasks. The question is directed at an analytic reading strategy and at the claim that an analytic strategy distinguishes the more-fluent from the less-fluent.

五个问题是如何解决个别的话，在孤立和 词的上下文，是视觉感知的成年读者，开始读者， 和语法不清的读者（失语症）。 信息加工理论和 方法（词法判定、快速命名）。 第一个问题是 词汇记忆的语音通路和视觉通路 取决于正字法。 语音精确的塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语 正字法是比较与语音不太精确的英语 正字法 这些实验利用了南斯拉夫的两种字母及其 双字母读者 虽然很大程度上不同，罗马和西里尔 字母表共享一些字母形式，其中一些表示不同的 两个字母表中的音素。 第二个问题关注的是单词种类在 内部词典 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语中的名词和形容词是下降的， 它的动词是变化的。 通过实验研究了 名词的屈折变化形式在视觉和 听觉通路 随着重复启动提供了一个基准， 名词的语法格之间的各种联系的强度是 在成熟和开始的读者评价。 第三个问题探讨了阅读中的语言子系统， 例如，评估语法的系统有多独立 来自词汇处理器的单词序列和读者的单词序列的一致性 非语言的，实用的知识？ 这个问题的提出，在某种程度上， 对一个词被另一个词启动的研究， 不同意的情况下，数量和/或性别，语义相关或 不相关的，并且指的是真实世界的事件或异常。 语音和语法的偏侧化程度如何 在前面的问题中提到的功能？ 词汇决定 在左和右视觉半视野（向右）中短暂呈现 和左半球）的语音功能进行了研究 与前面的词在语法上一致。 外贸 失语症患者用正常人来补充这些研究。 第五个也是最后一个问题是：如何获得阅读 受书写语言的正字法的影响。 开始 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语和英语的读者在常见任务上进行了比较。 的 这个问题是针对一个分析性的阅读策略和主张， 分析策略将较流利者与较不流利者区分开来。