CROSS-LANGUAGE STUDIES OF PROCESSES BASIC TO READING

阅读的问题，即使是在句子的层面上和延伸 文本，很大程度上源于识别单词的困难。认识到 书面单词需要从脚本映射到 读者的内部词典。这种映射或解码不是自然的 语言习得的特点(口语的映射也是如此 单词到它的词汇表示)；相反，它需要特定的 依赖于细心指导的元语言能力。特别之处 这些能力所假定的形式，也就是解码的细节 机制，可能受到拼写的性质的限制， 转录语言。在某种程度上，拟议的研究针对的是 声称对于语音上精确的塞尔维亚语-克罗地亚拼写法 解码机制由字素到音素的转换组成， 可靠地生成语音编码。这些编码用于 获取词典并指导命名。对于在语音上不精确的 英语正字法现在越来越常见的说法是 映射是严格可视的，没有词汇前的音系学。 信息处理理论和方法(词汇决定、快速命名、 句子扫描、启动)被用来检验这些相反的主张。这个 实验使用南斯拉夫的两个字母及其双字母 读者。无论是成人还是儿童。尽管很大程度上不同，但罗马人 西里尔字母表也有一些字母形式，其中一些代表 这两个字母中的音素不同。 此外，拟议的研究还探索了句法处理，其 与单词识别过程的关系及其可能的自主性。 Serbo-croatina与英语不同，主要依靠屈折变化来传达 语法信息。词启动和句子扫描实验 在计划中满足屈折协议或 被侵犯了。需要解决的问题包括： 合乎情理的句子和不合情理的句子的语法性是一样的？会吗？ 句法加工影响词汇通达？是失语性失语吗 以错误选择内的封闭类语素为特征的 相同的句法类别？语法效果是否按比例调整为 初级读者的阅读流畅度？这些调查是针对 句法成分，当与前词汇音系学的成分相结合时，SET 评估假设的阶段，即基本的 解码过程会对其他更高级别的语言产生影响 阅读理解的基本能力。

The problem of reading, even at the levels of the sentence and extended text, stem largely from difficulties in identifying words. Recognizing a written word entails a mapping from the script to a representation in the reader's internal lexicon. This mapping or decoding is not a natural characteristic of language acquisition (as is the mapping from the spoken word to its lexical representation); rather, it entails specific metalinguistic abilities that rely on careful instruction. The particular form assumed by these abilities, that is, the details of the decoding mechanism, may be constrained by the nature of the orthography that transcribes the language. In part, the proposed research is directed at the claim that for the phonologically precise Serbo-Croatian orthography the decoding mechanism consists of grapheme-to-phoneme conversions that reliably generate phonological codings. These codings are used both to access the lexicon and to guide naming. For the phonologically imprecise English orthography it has become more commonplace to claim that the mapping is strictly visual and that there is no prelexical phonology. Information processing theory and methods (lexical decision, rapid naming, sentence scanning, priming) are used to test these contrasting claims. The experiments employ Yugoslavia's two alphabets and its bialphabetical readers. Both adults and children. Though largely different, the Roman and Cyrillic alphabets share some letter forms, a number of which represent different phonemes in the two alphabets. Additionally, the proposed research explores syntactic processing, its relation to word recognition processes and its possible autonomy. Serbo-Croatina, unlike English, relies primarily on inflections to convey grammatical information. Word priming and sentence scanning experiments are planned in which inflectional agreement is either satisfied or violated. Among the questions to be addressed are these: Is the effect of grammaticality the same for plausible and implausible sentences? Does syntactic processing influence lexical access? Is agrammatic aphasia characterized by the misselection of closed-class morphemes that are within the same syntactic category? Are grammaticality effects scaled to the reading fluency of beginning readers? These investigations into the syntactic component, when coupled with those on prelexical phonology, set the stage for evaluating the hypothesis that deficiencies in the basic decoding processes have consequences for other, higher level linguistic abilities underlying reading comprehension.