CROSS-LANGUAGE STUDIES OF PROCESSES BASIC TO READING

阅读的问题，甚至在句子的层次和扩展 文本，主要源于识别单词的困难。 识别 书面文字需要从脚本到 读者的内部词典 这种映射或解码不是自然的 语言习得的特点（如从口语的映射 它是一个词，它的词汇表示）;相反，它需要特定的 依赖于仔细指导的元语言能力。 的特定 这些能力所假设的形式，即解码的细节。 机制，可能会受到正字法的性质， 转录语言。 在某种程度上，拟议的研究是针对 声称对于语音上精确的塞尔维亚-克罗地亚正字法， 解码机制包括字素到音素的转换， 可靠地生成语音编码。 这些编码既用于 访问词典并指导命名。 对于语音不精确 英语正字法，它已成为越来越普遍的声称， 映射是严格视觉的，没有前词汇音位学。 信息处理理论与方法（词汇判断，快速命名， 句子扫描，启动）被用来测试这些对比索赔。 的 实验采用南斯拉夫的两个字母和其双字母 读者 大人和小孩都有。 虽然很大程度上不同，罗马人 和西里尔字母共享一些字母形式，其中一些代表 两个字母表中不同的音素。 此外，拟议的研究探讨句法处理，其 与单词识别过程的关系及其可能的自主性。 与英语不同，塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语主要依靠屈折变化来表达 语法信息 词启动和句子扫描实验 在计划中，曲折的协议要么得到满足， 被侵犯了 需要解决的问题包括： 合理的句子和不合理的句子的语法性是一样的吗 并 句法加工影响词汇通达？ 是失语症 其特点是错误地选择封闭类词素， 相同的语法类别吗 语法效果是否与 初级读者的阅读流畅性？ 这些调查 句法成分，当与那些前词汇音位学，集 评估假设的阶段，即基本假设的缺陷 解码过程对其他更高层次的语言产生影响， 阅读理解能力。

The problem of reading, even at the levels of the sentence and extended text, stem largely from difficulties in identifying words. Recognizing a written word entails a mapping from the script to a representation in the reader's internal lexicon. This mapping or decoding is not a natural characteristic of language acquisition (as is the mapping from the spoken word to its lexical representation); rather, it entails specific metalinguistic abilities that rely on careful instruction. The particular form assumed by these abilities, that is, the details of the decoding mechanism, may be constrained by the nature of the orthography that transcribes the language. In part, the proposed research is directed at the claim that for the phonologically precise Serbo-Croatian orthography the decoding mechanism consists of grapheme-to-phoneme conversions that reliably generate phonological codings. These codings are used both to access the lexicon and to guide naming. For the phonologically imprecise English orthography it has become more commonplace to claim that the mapping is strictly visual and that there is no prelexical phonology. Information processing theory and methods (lexical decision, rapid naming, sentence scanning, priming) are used to test these contrasting claims. The experiments employ Yugoslavia's two alphabets and its bialphabetical readers. Both adults and children. Though largely different, the Roman and Cyrillic alphabets share some letter forms, a number of which represent different phonemes in the two alphabets. Additionally, the proposed research explores syntactic processing, its relation to word recognition processes and its possible autonomy. Serbo-Croatina, unlike English, relies primarily on inflections to convey grammatical information. Word priming and sentence scanning experiments are planned in which inflectional agreement is either satisfied or violated. Among the questions to be addressed are these: Is the effect of grammaticality the same for plausible and implausible sentences? Does syntactic processing influence lexical access? Is agrammatic aphasia characterized by the misselection of closed-class morphemes that are within the same syntactic category? Are grammaticality effects scaled to the reading fluency of beginning readers? These investigations into the syntactic component, when coupled with those on prelexical phonology, set the stage for evaluating the hypothesis that deficiencies in the basic decoding processes have consequences for other, higher level linguistic abilities underlying reading comprehension.