CROSS-LANGUAGE STUDIES OF PROCESSES BASIC TO READING

阅读的问题，即使是在句子和扩展的层面上 文本，很大程度上源于识别单词的困难。 认识到一个 书面文字需要从脚本到表示形式的映射 读者的内部词典。 这种映射或解码不是自然的 语言习得的特征（从口语到语言的映射） 单词及其词汇表示）；相反，它需要具体的 依赖于仔细指导的元语言能力。 特别是 这些能力所呈现的形式，即解码的细节 机制，可能受到正字法性质的限制 转录语言。 在某种程度上，拟议的研究针对 声称对于语音上精确的塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语正字法 解码机制由字素到音素的转换组成 可靠地生成语音编码。 这些编码都用于 访问词典并指导命名。 对于语音上不精确的 英语正字法越来越普遍地声称 映射是严格视觉的，并且不存在词汇前的音韵学。 信息处理理论与方法（词汇决策、快速命名、 句子扫描、启动）被用来测试这些对比性的主张。 的 实验采用南斯拉夫的两种字母及其双字母法 读者。 成人和儿童均可。 尽管有很大不同，但罗马 和西里尔字母共享一些字母形式，其中一些代表 两个字母表中的不同音素。 此外，拟议的研究探讨了句法处理，其 与单词识别过程及其可能的自主性的关系。 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语与英语不同，主要依靠词形变化来表达 语法信息。 单词启动和句子扫描实验 计划其中满足拐点协议或 违反了。 需要解决的问题包括： 合理和不合理的句子的语法是否相同？ 是否 句法处理影响词汇访问？ 是语法失语症吗 其特点是错误选择了内部的闭类语素 相同的语法类别？ 语法影响是否按比例缩放 初级读者的阅读流畅度如何？ 这些调查针对的是 句法成分，当与词汇前音韵学的成分结合起来时，设置 评估基本理论缺陷的假设的阶段 解码过程会对其他更高层次的语言产生影响 阅读理解能力是基础。

The problem of reading, even at the levels of the sentence and extended text, stem largely from difficulties in identifying words. Recognizing a written word entails a mapping from the script to a representation in the reader's internal lexicon. This mapping or decoding is not a natural characteristic of language acquisition (as is the mapping from the spoken word to its lexical representation); rather, it entails specific metalinguistic abilities that rely on careful instruction. The particular form assumed by these abilities, that is, the details of the decoding mechanism, may be constrained by the nature of the orthography that transcribes the language. In part, the proposed research is directed at the claim that for the phonologically precise Serbo-Croatian orthography the decoding mechanism consists of grapheme-to-phoneme conversions that reliably generate phonological codings. These codings are used both to access the lexicon and to guide naming. For the phonologically imprecise English orthography it has become more commonplace to claim that the mapping is strictly visual and that there is no prelexical phonology. Information processing theory and methods (lexical decision, rapid naming, sentence scanning, priming) are used to test these contrasting claims. The experiments employ Yugoslavia's two alphabets and its bialphabetical readers. Both adults and children. Though largely different, the Roman and Cyrillic alphabets share some letter forms, a number of which represent different phonemes in the two alphabets. Additionally, the proposed research explores syntactic processing, its relation to word recognition processes and its possible autonomy. Serbo-Croatina, unlike English, relies primarily on inflections to convey grammatical information. Word priming and sentence scanning experiments are planned in which inflectional agreement is either satisfied or violated. Among the questions to be addressed are these: Is the effect of grammaticality the same for plausible and implausible sentences? Does syntactic processing influence lexical access? Is agrammatic aphasia characterized by the misselection of closed-class morphemes that are within the same syntactic category? Are grammaticality effects scaled to the reading fluency of beginning readers? These investigations into the syntactic component, when coupled with those on prelexical phonology, set the stage for evaluating the hypothesis that deficiencies in the basic decoding processes have consequences for other, higher level linguistic abilities underlying reading comprehension.