CROSS CULTURAL WORD RECOGNITION

跨文化单词识别

• 批准号: 3329442
• 负责人: GEORGIJE L LUKATELA
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-04-01 至 1993-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3329442
• 关键词: differential semantics; information theory; language; language development; middle childhood (6-11); nonEnglish language; perceptual maskings; psycholinguistics; reading; semantics; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

The problems of reading, even at the levels of the sentence and extended text, stem largely from difficulties in identifying words. Recognizing a written word entails a mapping from the script to a representation in the reader's internal lexicon. This mapping or decoding is not a natural characteristic of language acquisition (as is the mapping from the spoken work to its lexical representation); rather, it entails specific metalinguistic abilities that rely on careful instruction. Two types of decoding have been suggested. One is direct and related to visual aspects of the printed work, the other is mediated and involves a translation into a phonological representation prior to lexical access. Aside from a few recent exceptions, the majority of the research conducted with English suggests that fluent readers use only the direct visual route. In contrast, research with Serbo-Croatian suggests that the mediated route is routine in fluent reading. The proposal is directed at pinpointing phonology's role in word recognition by examining in detail the similarities and differences between the data obtained with two writing systems. A number of experiments and simulations are planned. They fall into five main groups represented by the following specific questions: (1) Is there an additional and independent process of direct visual access in Serbo-Croatian? (2) Do the early bottom-up processes in English and Serbo- Croatian word recognition differ qualitatively or quantitatively? (3) What kinds of processing units, interacting in what kinds of ways, are needed to model the main factors of word recognition in Serbo-Croatian, and what minimal modifications to these units and interactions would be needed to accommodate the main facts of word recognition in English? (4) What are the dynamics of the processes linking letter units and phoneme units in Serbo-Croatian word identification, given that the letter units represent the characters of two, partially overlapping alphabets? (5) Do word- specific processes follow rule-like processes in the development of fluent word recognition, or vice versa, and is the ordering the same for both English and Serbo-Croatian? Information processing theory and methods (lexical decision, rapid naming, priming, masking) are used to test these contrasting claims, and the modeling or simulation paradigm is that of parallel distributed processing. Subjects will be adult men and women in Yugoslavia and the United States, bilinguals fluent in reading the English and Serbo-Croatian orthographies, and children from both countries.

阅读的问题，即使是在句子和扩展的层面上 文本，很大程度上源于识别单词的困难。 认识到一个 书面文字需要从脚本到表示形式的映射 读者的内部词典。 这种映射或解码不是自然的 语言习得的特征（从口语到语言的映射） 致力于其词汇表示）；相反，它需要具体的 依赖于仔细指导的元语言能力。 两种类型 已建议解码。 一是直接的，与视觉方面相关的 印刷作品的另一部分是中介的，涉及翻译成 词汇访问之前的语音表征。 除了少数几个 最近的例外，大多数研究都是用英语进行的 建议流利的读者仅使用直接的视觉路线。 在 相比之下，塞尔维亚-克罗地亚的研究表明，中介途径是 流利阅读的常规。 该提案旨在明确 通过详细研究音韵学在单词识别中的作用 两次书写所得数据的异同 系统。 计划进行许多实验和模拟。 他们跌倒了 分为五个主要组，由以下具体问题代表：（1） 是否有一个额外的、独立的直接视觉访问过程 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语？ (2) 用英语和塞尔维亚语进行早期自下而上的流程- 克罗地亚语单词识别有质量上的差异还是数量上的差异？ (3) 什么 需要什么样的处理单元，以什么样的方式交互 对塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语单词识别的主要因素进行建模，以及什么 需要对这些单元和交互进行最小程度的修改 适应英语单词识别的主要事实？ (4) 什么是 连接字母单位和音素单位的过程的动态 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语单词识别，假定字母单位代表 两个部分重叠的字母的字符？ (5) 做字—— 具体流程遵循流式开发中类似规则的流程 单词识别，反之亦然，并且两者的顺序是否相同 英语和塞尔维亚克罗地亚语？ 信息处理理论与方法 （词汇​​决策、快速命名、启动、掩蔽）用于测试这些 对比声明，建模或模拟范式是 并行分布式处理。 受试者将是成年男性和女性 南斯拉夫和美国双语者能流利阅读英文 和塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语拼字法，以及来自两国的儿童。