RCG: OpTick: One Health surveillance and management of tick-borne disease threats in a changing environment.

在包括英国在内的温带地区，壁虱传播疾病对人和牲畜的风险正在迅速增加，并可能导致人和牲畜患上严重疾病，影响人类健康和生计。由于报告不足，缺乏有效的疫苗，这些威胁很难管理，而且由于政策驱动的农地管理方式变化，即林地和野生动物栖息地和农场周围的增加，这些威胁可能会增加。这些变化将增加关键的硬蜱媒介--蓖麻硬蜱的栖息地，这种媒介在英国林地和农田中广泛分布并不断扩大，可以将重要的疾病传播给人和动物。我们迫切需要了解造成结核病风险的生态过程，特别是景观条件、管理和气候如何影响现在和未来参与传播的壁虱种群、牲畜和野生动物。我们需要分析土地、卫生和牲畜管理干预措施和政策如何影响待定发展风险，以及哪些干预措施最具成本效益，并与农民的优先事项和农场做法保持一致。最后，由于动物、人类、扁虱和环境管理都会影响待定疾病风险，我们需要将动物健康、人类健康和环境部门的政策、证据和干预措施联系起来，形成综合的“同一健康”应对措施，以改进对当前和未来待定疾病威胁的缓解。OPTICK汇集了来自生态学、流行病学、经济学、公共和动物健康以及社会科学的研究人员，将通过以下方式消除这些差距并为设计疾病管理和土地管理战略提供证据基础：1.召集土地、牲畜和壁虱传播疾病管理方面的关键国家和地区利益攸关方，了解他们的优先事项、证据需求和可行的干预措施，从而优化畜牧业生产、人类健康和生物多样性的好处，同时最大限度地减少地方性和新出现的结核病威胁带来的牲畜和人类风险。2.生成关于牲畜中结核病的分布、经济负担和社会影响的基线数据。结合生态调查、病原体遗传学和计算机建模，更好地了解农业景观结构和管理如何塑造牲畜、野生动物、扁虱和人之间的关键互动，从而确定慢性病风险。4.将动物、人类和人在动物、人类和人类中的发生地点的数据整合到英国规模的新风险地图和模型中，以(1)了解气候、动物和土地利用变化在确定英国当前和未来的硬虱传播疾病疫源地中的作用，以及(2)确定监测方面的差距。通过了解干预措施的成本和收益以及它们如何与土地管理者、牲畜所有者和政策制定者的看法、做法和优先事项相一致，与当地利益攸关方共同制定最佳的当地病媒控制和疾病管理战略。6.共同开发监测工具、风险指导和科学与研究之间强有力的一个卫生接口，以加强对新出现的和地方性结核病的准备行动OPTICK将研究由硬蜱传播的四种优先疾病，这些疾病影响羊和牛的生产和人类健康；暴发疾病、硬蜱传播的热病和巴贝斯虫病可能导致牲畜和莱姆病的严重疾病和死亡，莱姆病可能导致人类患病。农业和兽医机构将这些报告不足的家畜壁虱传播疾病列为“高影响、低流行、高度优先的疾病”。莱姆病是英国对人类健康的一种重大和新的担忧，自2000年以来，报告的病例增加了10倍，并可能导致长期虚弱。我们与利益攸关方共同开发研究、模型和风险产出的方法将确保干预措施有效和适当，并将为未来针对TBDS的综合One Health对策奠定基础。

Tick-borne disease (TBD) risks to humans and livestock are increasing rapidly in temperate regions, including the UK, and can cause severe disease in people and livestock, impacting human health and livelihoods. These threats are difficult to manage due to under-reporting, a lack of effective vaccines and are likely to increase as a result of policy-driven changes in the way agricultural land is managed, namely increases in woodland and wildlife habitat and around farms. These changes will increase habitat for the key tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, which is widely distributed and expanding in UK woodlands and agricultural land, and can transmit important diseases to humans and animals. We urgently need to understand the ecological processes underpinning risk from TBDs - in particular, how landscape conditions, management and climate affect tick populations, livestock and wildlife involved in transmission, now and in the future. We need to analyse how land, health and livestock management interventions and policies can affect TBD risks and which interventions are most cost-effective and align with farmer priorities and farm practices. Finally, since animals, humans, ticks and environmental management all affect TBD risks, we need to link policy, evidence and interventions across the Animal Health, Human Health and Environment sectors into integrated 'One Health' responses to improve mitigation of current and future TBD threats. Bringing together researchers from ecology, epidemiology, economics, Public and Animal Health, and social science, OPTICK will address these gaps and provide the evidence base for designing disease management and land management strategies that optimise benefits to livestock production, human health and biodiversity while minimising livestock and human risks from endemic and emerging TBD threats, by:1. Bringing together key national and regional level stakeholders in land, livestock and tick-borne disease management, to understand their priorities, evidence needs and feasible interventions for TBDs. 2. Generating baseline data on the distribution, economic burden and societal impacts of TBDs in livestock.3. Better understanding how the agricultural landscape structure and management shapes key interactions between livestock, wildlife, ticks and people that determine TBD risk, combining ecological surveys, pathogen genetics and computer modelling. 4. Integrating data on where ticks and pathogens occur in livestock, humans and people across sectors into new risk maps and models at the UK scale to (i) understand the role of climate, animals and land use change in determining current and future UK foci of tick-borne diseases and (ii) identify gaps in surveillance.5. Co-creating optimal local vector control and disease management strategies with local stakeholders by understanding the costs and benefits of interventions and how they align with perceptions, practices and priorities of land managers, livestock owners and policy makers. 6. Co-developing surveillance tools, risk guidance and a strong One Health interface between science and research to enhance preparedness for emerging and endemic TBDsOPTICK will study four priority diseases transmitted by the tick, Ixodes ricinus, which affect sheep and cattle production and human health; Louping ill, tick-borne fever and babesiosis can cause severe illness and death in livestock and Lyme Disease which can cause illness in humans. Farming and veterinary bodies rank these underreported tick-borne diseases of livestock as "high impact, low prevalence, high priority diseases". Lyme disease is a significant and emerging concern to human health in the UK with reported cases increasing 10-fold since 2000 and can cause long-term debilitation. Our approach of co-developing research, models and risk outputs with stakeholders will ensure that interventions are effective and appropriate and will underpin future integrated One Health responses to TBDs.