DNA POLYMORPHISMS IN NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS

重组DNA技术的出现导致了 描述了各种新的遗传标记类别 我们的物种，在数量上远远超过遗传信息 以前可以通过血清学和电泳学来定义 意思是。因为用于定义这些标记的技术是这样的 新的，这些新类型的遗传标记对 人类群体遗传学只是刚刚被察觉到。这些新的 标记使连锁关系研究发生了革命性的变化 人类和其他物种，导致成功地建造了 一张整个基因组的骨架连锁图谱，在短短几年内。 而这些新标记对人类群体遗传学的影响 很可能同样深刻，到目前为止已经有了相对 很少有人尝试刻画不同的 人类群体中的标记类别。 我们建议使用四种不同类别的DNA多态来 实现以下两个科学目标： A)深入了解8个人的遗传结构 不同的北美印第安人部落人口和 评估它们之间的遗传关系。 B)评估具有以下特征的理论模型 不同类型DNA的进化分布 相对较短时间尺度上的多态(&lt；600 几代人或更少人)。 将评估的四类DNA多态 包括i)单基因座RFLP；ii)单基因座单倍型；iii) 广泛多态的vntr；iv)单亲遗传 多态(线粒体DNA和来自非配对区的RFLP Y染色体)。八个部落中的每一个都将被代表 通过75个母亲-父亲-孩子三人组(总共225人)和 生成的数据将使用传统方法进行分析 种群遗传学，以及被用于评估新模型 这些遗传标记在中国的进化分布 相对较少的人口。

The advent of recombinant DNA techniques has resulted in the description of a variety of new categories of genetic markers for our species, in quantities that far exceed the genetic information that previously could be defined by serological and electrophoretic means. Because the techniques used to define these markers are so new, the implications of these new types of genetic markers for human population genetics are only just being perceived. These new markers have revolutionized the study of linkage relationships in Man, and other species, leading to the successful construction of a skeleton linkage map for the entire genome, in just a few years. While the impact of these new markers on human population genetics is likely to be equally profound, so far there have been relatively few attempts to characterize the distribution of the different categories of markers within human populations. We propose to use four distinct categories of DNA polymorphisms to attain to follcwing two scientific objectives: a) To gain insight into the genetic structure of eight different North American Indian tribal populations and evaluate the genetic relationships between them. b) Evaluate theoretical models that characterize the evolutionary distribution of different types of DNA polymorphism over relatively short time scales (< 600 generations, or less). The four categories of DNA polymorphism that will be evaluated include i) single site RFLP's; ii) single locus haplotypes; iii) extensively polymorphic VNTR's; iv) uniparentally transmitted polymorphic (mitochondrial DNA and RFLP's from non pairing regions of the Y chromosome). Each of the eight tribes will be represented by a sample of 75 mother-father-child trios (225 people in all) and the resulting data will be analyzed by traditional methods in population genetics, as well as being used to evaluate new models for the evolutionary distribution of these genetic markers in relatively small human populations.