DNA POLYMORPHISMS IN NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS

重组DNA技术的出现导致了 描述了各种新类别的遗传标记， 我们的物种，数量远远超过了遗传信息 以前可以通过血清学和电泳 手段 因为用来定义这些标记的技术是如此的 新的，这些新类型的遗传标记的影响， 人类群体遗传学才刚刚被认识。 这些新 标记物已经彻底改变了连锁关系的研究， 人类和其他物种，成功地建造了 一个完整基因组的骨架连锁图，在短短几年内。 虽然这些新标记对人类群体遗传学的影响 可能同样深刻，到目前为止， 很少尝试描述不同的 人类群体中的标记类别。 我们建议使用四种不同类型的DNA多态性， 达到以下两个科学目标： a）深入了解八种基因的遗传结构 不同的北美印第安部落人口和 评估它们之间的遗传关系。 B）评估表征 不同类型DNA的进化分布 在相对较短的时间尺度上的多态性（< 600 一代或更少）。 将评估的四类DNA多态性 包括i）单位点RFLP; ii）单基因座单倍型; iii） 广泛多态性VNTR; iv）单亲传播 多态性（线粒体DNA和非配对区域的RFLP Y染色体）。 八个部落的每个部落都将有代表 由75个母亲-父亲-孩子三人组（共225人）组成的样本， 所得到的数据将通过传统方法进行分析， 群体遗传学，以及用于评估新模型 这些遗传标记的进化分布， 人口相对较少。

The advent of recombinant DNA techniques has resulted in the description of a variety of new categories of genetic markers for our species, in quantities that far exceed the genetic information that previously could be defined by serological and electrophoretic means. Because the techniques used to define these markers are so new, the implications of these new types of genetic markers for human population genetics are only just being perceived. These new markers have revolutionized the study of linkage relationships in Man, and other species, leading to the successful construction of a skeleton linkage map for the entire genome, in just a few years. While the impact of these new markers on human population genetics is likely to be equally profound, so far there have been relatively few attempts to characterize the distribution of the different categories of markers within human populations. We propose to use four distinct categories of DNA polymorphisms to attain to follcwing two scientific objectives: a) To gain insight into the genetic structure of eight different North American Indian tribal populations and evaluate the genetic relationships between them. b) Evaluate theoretical models that characterize the evolutionary distribution of different types of DNA polymorphism over relatively short time scales (< 600 generations, or less). The four categories of DNA polymorphism that will be evaluated include i) single site RFLP's; ii) single locus haplotypes; iii) extensively polymorphic VNTR's; iv) uniparentally transmitted polymorphic (mitochondrial DNA and RFLP's from non pairing regions of the Y chromosome). Each of the eight tribes will be represented by a sample of 75 mother-father-child trios (225 people in all) and the resulting data will be analyzed by traditional methods in population genetics, as well as being used to evaluate new models for the evolutionary distribution of these genetic markers in relatively small human populations.