Understanding the physics of the disordered state: universality of phenomena in glasses and resistance to amorphization by radiation damage

了解无序态的物理原理：玻璃现象的普遍性以及对辐射损伤造成的非晶化的抵抗力

• 批准号: EP/C540603/2
• 负责人: Kostya Trachenko
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Queen Mary University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FC540603%2F2
• 关键词: Understanding; physics; disordered; state; universality

Amorphous solids are widely used in technological applications. Glasses are very familiar objects to us in our everyday life. However, compared with topologically ordered solids, they are much less understood both experimentally and theoretically. In the last several decades, experimental studies have produced much new data, but the theoretical understanding of this data is still lacking. This proposal will advance fundamental understanding of the physics of the amorphous state, by linking the observed behaviour to microscopic processes in them. The proposal consists of two parts, the microscopic description of universal relaxation phenomena and understanding resistance to amorphization by radiation damage.Over the last three decades, amorphous solids have been fascinating scientists by the universality of their relaxation properties, many of which are not seen in crystals. The first part of this proposal is aimed at obtaining fundamental understanding of the origin of universality of phenomena in amorphous solids, which has long puzzled scientists. I formulate a general question of how the complexity related to the nature of disordered state gives rise to the simplicity (universality) of the observed phenomena. There are several main universality classes in amorphous solids. In the proposed research, the following will be addressed: (a) stretched-exponential relaxation in glasses and supecooled liquids at glass transition; (b) universality of relaxation around the rigidity percolation point; and (c) low-temperature universality of heat capacity and sound absorbtion. I will provide the microscopic description of these phenomena. The important point here is to relate these seemingly different relaxation phenomena, by describing them in terms of the dynamics of universal local relaxation events. These events are the elementary relaxation quanta in glasses which drive the universal relaxationphenomena at the microscopic scale.Particle irradiation is one of the ways of producing amorphous solids, and the second part of this proposal is aimed at understanding what makes a material amorphizable by radiation damage. My interest in this area is stimulated by the need to safely encapsulate highly radioactive nuclear waste and surplus Pu. Why some materials are readily amorphized by heavy energetic ions, whereas others are extremely resistant and do not show any loss of crystallinity even at very high radiation doses? Despite decades of research, the problem of resistance to amorphization by radiation damage is not generally solved. I will investigate the common origin of resistance to amorphization by radiation damage in many materials, using my recent proposal that the type of interatomic interactions, covalency and ionicity, plays an important role in this process. In addition, I will investigate how other factors may be relevant for resistance to amorphization. Finally, I will seek to provide a quantitative microscopic theory that links the microscopic parameters of a material to its resistance to amorphization. This will allow to predict materials with high resistance to amorphization.

无定形固体广泛用于技术应用中。眼镜是我们日常生活中非常熟悉的物品。然而，与拓扑有序固体相比，它们在实验上和理论上的理解都要少得多。在过去的几十年里，实验研究产生了许多新的数据，但对这些数据的理论理解仍然缺乏。这一提议将通过将观察到的行为与其中的微观过程联系起来，推进对非晶态物理学的基本理解。该计划由两部分组成，一部分是对普遍弛豫现象的微观描述，另一部分是对辐射损伤引起的非晶化的抵抗力的理解。在过去的三十年里，无定形固体因其弛豫特性的普遍性而吸引了科学家，其中许多特性在晶体中是看不到的。这个提议的第一部分旨在从根本上理解长期困扰科学家的无定形固体现象的普遍性起源。我制定了一个一般性的问题，如何与无序状态的性质的复杂性引起了观察到的现象的简单性（普遍性）。在无定形固体中有几种主要的普适类型。在拟议的研究中，将解决以下问题：（a）拉伸指数松弛在玻璃和过冷液体在玻璃化转变;（B）周围的刚度渗透点松弛的普遍性;和（c）低温的普遍性的热容和吸声。我将提供这些现象的微观描述。这里重要的一点是通过用普遍的局部弛豫事件的动力学来描述这些看似不同的弛豫现象，从而将它们联系起来。这些事件是玻璃中的基本弛豫量子，它们在微观尺度上驱动着普遍的弛豫现象。粒子辐照是产生无定形固体的方法之一，本提案的第二部分旨在了解是什么使材料因辐射损伤而非晶化。我对这一领域的兴趣是由安全封装高放射性核废料和剩余钚的需要激发的。为什么有些材料很容易被高能重离子非晶化，而另一些材料则非常耐辐照，即使在很高的辐射剂量下也没有显示出任何结晶度的损失？尽管进行了数十年的研究，但抗辐射损伤非晶化的问题仍未得到普遍解决。我将调查的共同起源电阻非晶化的辐射损伤在许多材料中，使用我最近的建议，原子间的相互作用，共价性和离子性的类型，在这个过程中起着重要的作用。此外，我将调查其他因素可能是相关的电阻非晶化。最后，我将试图提供一个定量的微观理论，链接材料的微观参数，其抗非晶化。这将允许预测具有高抗非晶化性的材料。

项目成果

Evidence for structural crossover in the supercritical state.

超临界状态下结构交叉的证据。

• DOI: 10.1063/1.4844135
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: The Journal of chemical physics
• 作者: Bolmatov D

Helium at elevated pressures: Quantum liquid with non-static shear rigidity

• DOI: 10.1063/1.4795340
• 发表时间: 2013-03-14
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Bolmatov, D.;Brazhkin, V. V.;Trachenko, K.
• 通讯作者: Trachenko, K.

The phonon theory of liquid thermodynamics.

• DOI: 10.1038/srep00421
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Bolmatov, D.;Brazhkin, V. V.;Trachenko, K.
• 通讯作者: Trachenko, K.

Liquid heat capacity in the approach from the solid state: Anharmonic theory

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.84.054106
• 发表时间: 2011-08-09
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Bolmatov, Dima;Trachenko, Kostya
• 通讯作者: Trachenko, Kostya

Universal crossover of liquid dynamics in supercritical region

超临界区液体动力学的通用交叉

• DOI: 10.1134/s0021364012030034
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: JETP Letters
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Brazhkin V