STRUCTURE/FUNCTION STUDIES OF LONG-CHAIN BASES

鞘氨醇和其他长链碱基对细胞有不同的影响 功能。它们抑制蛋白激酶C，激活酪氨酸激酶 表皮生长因子受体的活性，并影响一些 其他调节系统的浓度相对较低(微摩尔)。 这些效应，以及与之相关的长链碱基可能 作为另一类“脂质第二信使”，又重新燃起 对这些化合物是如何制造和翻转的感兴趣，以及 它们行为的结构要求。在过去的几年里 多年来，我们已经开发出一种鞘氨醇和神经鞘氨醇的立体选择性合成方法 结构上相关的化合物将使我们能够进行这样的 分析。到目前为止，我们已经做了20多个类比，并确定了 它们作为蛋白激酶C抑制剂和代表性细胞的效力 被认为是通过这种酶介导的功能。我们还有 确定了这些化合物的一些相关物理性质 (例如，氨基的pKa，临界胶束浓度 鞘氨醇，鞘氨醇在膜之间快速移动的能力 但倾向于与带负电荷的脂质相关联)。在这笔赠款中， 我们计划：1)进一步完善结构特征，从而导致 抑制蛋白激酶C、刺激细胞生长等 这些化合物的细胞效应；2)更全面地了解 神经鞘氨醇在膜中的物理状态(如 质子化，这将由C-13核磁共振确定)，并将它们联系起来 观察它们的细胞效应；以及3)确定新陈代谢 鞘氨醇及其相关化合物的立体异构体的命运。这些 调查将提供有关 鞘氨醇的生物化学和细胞生物学，可以提供有价值的 作为细胞行为调节器的工具和对长链碱基的洞察。

Sphingosine and other long-chain bases have diverse effects on cell function. They inhibit protein kinase C, activate the tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor, and affect a number of other regulatory systems at relatively low (micromolar) concentrations. These effects, and the associated possibility that long-chain bases may serve as another class of "lipid second messenger," has rekindled interest in how these compounds are made and turned over, as well as in the structural requirements for their behavior. Over the last several years, we have developed a stereoselective synthesis for sphingosine and structurally related compounds that will allow us to conduct such analyses. Thus far, we have made over two dozen analogs and determined their potency as inhibitors of protein kinase C and representative cell functions thought to be mediated via this enzyme. We have also identified some of the relevant physical properties of these compounds (e.g., the pKa of the amino group, the critical micelle concentration of sphingosine, the ability of sphingosine to move rapidly between membranes but to tend to associate with negatively charged lipids). In this grant, we plan to: 1) refine further the structural features that result in inhibition of protein kinase C, stimulation of cell growth, and other cellular effects of these compounds; 2) gain a more complete picture of the physical state of sphingosine in membranes (such as the degree of protonation, which will be determined by C-13 NMR), and to relate these observations to their cellular effects; and 3) determine the metabolic fate of the stereoisomers of sphingosine and related compounds. These investigations will provide fundamental information about the biochemistry and cell biology of sphingosine, and could provide valuable tools and insight into long-chain bases as modulators of cell behavior.