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HORMONAL MODULATION OF AVIAN NEUROANATOMY

鸟类神经解剖学的荷尔蒙调节

基本信息

批准号：
3319668
负责人：
TIMOTHY J DEVOOGD
金额：
$ 12.08万
依托单位：
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1985-12-01 至 1993-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The avian song system has proven to be a rich source of information on such general issues as neural sexual dimorphism, effects of steroids on brain development and function, and adult neural plasticity. The purposed research will integrate sophisticated microanatomical techniques with hormonal manipulation and behavioral observation in canaries and zebra finches in order to further study these issues. The first set of experiments will measure dendritic and synaptic change accross development in two song system regions. This experiment should indicate how additive and regressive anatomical changes interact to produce major dimorphisms between the sexes. This experiment will also assess whether abrupt changes in anatomy of song related regions occur in parallel to major changes in vocal behavior. Two other expriments will determine whether synaptic degeneration precedes regressive events in zebra finches. The site and amount of degenation will be measured so as to determine whether this potential signal is foccussed or difuse. This experiment should delinate very percisely the location and nature of synaptic events associated with differentiation. A fourth experiment will trace the projection between two nuclei that become very dimorphic, in very young zebra finches. It appears that steroids cannot act directly on one of these nuclei-differentiation here must involve indirect mediation. Such a signal could be conveyed by the pattern of afferentation, especially if the axonal projection to this region is larger in males than in females, at the time differentiation is occuring. Testosterone will be given to adult female canaries so as to induce singing. The consequences of this treatment will be assessed in the motor nucleus that controls the vocal organ. This experiment will test whether areas within the nucleus that differ in function also differ in their response to the steroid, and whether a consequence of the treatment is to create left-right asymmetries anatomy. Finally, hormone- induced song will be used to determine the effects of damage in a song- related brain region on song acquisition and performance. These experiments address issues closely related to human health. Endocrine events are known to have powerful effects on human brain development. Humans have sensitive periods of r some sorts of learning or sensory development for which the initiating and terminating events are poorly understood. Humans may have predispositions for vocal learning which are similar to the "experience-expectant" state of the juvenile songbird. Human behavior frequently involves integration of many endocrine, developmental and experiential influences. The song system is an ideal preparation in which such disparate influences on a complex learned behavior may be dissociated and understood.

鸟类的鸣叫系统已被证明是一个丰富的信息来源，诸如神经性二型性，类固醇对大脑发育和功能，以及成人神经可塑性。的有目的的研究将整合复杂的显微解剖学荷尔蒙控制和行为观察技术，金丝雀和斑胸草雀，以进一步研究这些问题。的第一组实验将测量树突和突触的变化在两个宋制地区的交叉发展。这个实验应该指出了累加和递减的解剖学变化如何相互作用，在两性之间产生主要的二型性。该实验还将评估是否发生与歌曲相关区域的解剖学突然变化与发声行为的重大变化同时发生。另外两个实验将确定突触变性在斑胸草雀的退化之前地点和数量将测量脱气，以确定这种潜力是否信号聚焦或分散。这个实验应该非常详细准确地说，突触事件的位置和性质与分化第四个实验将追踪两个原子核之间的投影，在很小的斑胸草雀身上变得非常二型。似乎类固醇不能直接作用于这些核分化中的一个必须进行间接调解。这样的信号可以通过传入模式，特别是如果轴突投射到这个在分化时，男性的区域比女性大，正在发生。将对成年雌性金丝雀给予特氟沙星，唱歌.这种治疗的后果将在控制发声器官的运动核。这个实验将测试核内功能不同的区域是否也在他们对类固醇的反应，以及治疗是创造左右不对称的解剖结构。最后，荷尔蒙- 诱导的歌声将被用来确定歌声中损害的影响- 相关的大脑区域对歌曲的获得和表现。这些实验解决了与人类健康密切相关的问题。众所周知，内分泌活动对人类大脑有强大的影响发展人类在某些学习上有敏感期或感官发展的起始和终止事件我们对此知之甚少。人类可能有发声的倾向学习，类似于“经验期待”的状态，幼年鸣禽人类行为经常涉及整合许多内分泌，发育和经验的影响。这首歌系统是一个理想的准备，其中这种不同的影响，复杂的习得行为可以被分离和理解。