HORMONAL MODULATION OF AVIAN NEUROANATOMY

鸟类神经解剖学的荷尔蒙调节

• 批准号: 3319666
• 负责人: TIMOTHY J DEVOOGD
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-12-01 至 1989-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3319666
• 关键词: Aves; autoradiography; brain interhemispheric activity; cell differentiation; cell parasexuality; dendrites; electron microscopy; gender difference; male; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuroendocrine system; neurogenesis; neuropsychology; silver impregnation; sound; synapses; testosterone

The canary song system has proven to be a rich source of information on such general issues as neural sexual dimorphism, effects of steroids on brain development and function, adult neural plasticity, recovery of function, and lateralization. The proposed research will integrate behavioral observation, hormone manipulation, and sophisticated quantitative microanatomical techniques in adult canaries to further study these issues. The first two experiments study the behavioral and neuroanatomical consequences of experimentally preventing the normal fall drop in sex steroids. 1. If treatment with testosterone (T) prevents the neural regression and later song reorganization seen in untreated males, it would suggest that processing space in the neural network controlling song is limited: anatomical "erasure" of old circuits is necessary to permit the synaptic realignment which encodes the next year's song. 2. Lesions in left song control nuclei result in substantial song disruption. Recovery using the right hemisphere occurs the following spring. If T-treatment prevents this behavioral recovery, it would suggest that T can maintain lateralized function, and must be removed if there is to be any reorganization of function. Experiment three combines Golgi staining and electron microscopy to find and characterize new synapses in the adult. The P.I.'s computer-microscope system will be used to highlight sites of T-induced dendritic growth. Subsequent EM examination will indicate whether synapses on these new dendrites have a distinctive appearance, and if so, whether new synapses occur elsewhere on neurons from T-treated or control birds. Experiment four combines Golgi staining and autoradiography in order to characterize the song system neurons which derive from adult neurogenesis, and to determine whether endogenous steroids affect their differentiation or fate. Thus, does adult neurogenesis contribute significantly to rejuvenated capacity in the song system? These experiments study questions closely related to human health. Must neural regression occur for there to be forgetting? Are there circumstances under which some behavior must be forgotten in order to permit acquisition of another? Is reallocation of function (a mechanism for recovery from brain damage which also occurs in humans) facilitated by general neural regression in the damaged area? Can the morphology of new synapses and new neurons in an adult nervous system be used to predict conditions which augment their occurance and functional incorporation into a brain region?

金丝雀歌曲系统已被证明是丰富的信息来源 诸如神经性别二态性、类固醇的影响等一般性问题 大脑发育和功能、成人神经可塑性、恢复 功能和偏侧化。 拟议的研究将整合 行为观察、激素操纵和复杂的 成年金丝雀的定量显微解剖技术有待进一步研究 这些问题。 前两个实验研究行为和神经解剖学 通过实验阻止正常的性别下降的后果 类固醇。 1. 如果睾酮 (T) 治疗可预防神经 在未经治疗的雄性中观察到退化和后来的歌曲重组， 表明控制歌曲的神经网络中的处理空间是 有限：旧电路的解剖学“擦除”是必要的，以允许 突触重新排列编码明年的歌曲。 2. 病变部位 左鸣曲控制核导致显着的鸣曲破坏。 恢复 次年春天，右半球开始使用。 如果T治疗 阻止这种行为恢复，这表明 T 可以维持 侧化功能，如果有任何功能，必须将其删除 职能重组。 实验三结合高尔基染色和电子显微镜发现 并表征成人的新突触。 P.I. 的电脑显微镜 系统将用于突出 T 诱导的树突生长的位点。 随后的 EM 检查将表明这些新的突触是否存在 树突具有独特的外观，如果是，是否有新的突触 发生在 T 处理或对照鸟类神经元的其他部位。 实验四结合高尔基体染色和放射自显影 表征源自成人神经发生的歌曲系统神经元， 并确定内源性类固醇是否影响其分化 或命运。 因此，成人神经发生是否对 歌曲系统的能力恢复了？ 这些实验研究与人类健康密切相关的问题。 必须 神经退行发生是因为有遗忘吗？ 有吗 在某些情况下，必须忘记某些行为才能 允许收购另一个？ 是功能的重新分配（一种机制 用于从也发生在人类身上的脑损伤中恢复） 受损区域的一般神经退化？ 形态能否新 成人神经系统中的突触和新神经元可用于预测 增加其发生和功能融入的条件 大脑区域？