OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND VISUAL DEVELOPMENT

OMEGA-3 脂肪酸与视力发育

• 批准号: 3321863
• 负责人: Eileen Elizabeth Birch
• 金额: $ 25.47万
• 依托单位: RETINA FOUNDATION OF THE SOUTHWEST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 1996-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3321863
• 关键词: baby food; blood chemistry; developmental nutrition; dietary supplements; electroretinography; essential fatty acids; fatty acid metabolism; growth /development; human milk; human pregnant subject; human subject; neurogenesis; newborn human (0-6 weeks); nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; omega 3 fatty acid; perinatal; premature infant human; unsaturated fatty acids; vision

The last trimester and early postnatal months of human development are characterized by rapid development of the retina and visual cortex. While the postnatal improvement of visual function and sensitivity to disruption by abnormal early visual environments have been extensively studied, the role of other environmental variables in human visual development has only recently been addressed. The present study is designed to evaluate the longterm effects of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supply on retinal and brain development in low birthweight preterm infants and in fullterm infants. There is a high concentration of omega-3 and omega-6 LCPUFAs in electrically active membranes, particularly in brain synaptic terminals and in retinal photoreceptors. Since mammals are unable to synthesize essential fatty acids (EFAs), optimal retinal and neural development depend on placental transfer in utero and on dietary sources postnatally. Moreover, neonates may have immaturities which limit their ability to elongate/desaturate parent EFAs to form LCPUFAs. Prospective studies of infants randomized to standard infant formula or to experimental formulas containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 omega- 3) and DHA plus arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 omega-6) will evaluate the effects of LCPUFA supply on retinal and brain maturation by means of electroretinograms, pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials, forced- choice preferential looking, electroencephalographic studies of the sleep-wake cycle, and Bayley and Fagan tests. Fatty acid profiles in red blood cells will be used as an index of LCPUFA status in neural tissue and to verify compliance with diet. In vitro studies will examine the effects of LCPUFA supplementation on the developing fetal human retina and will provide new information on mechanisms by which DHA and AA influence biological and morphological characteristics. The longterm goal of this project is to define nutritional requirements for optimal retinal and cortical development of the human infant. The specific projects proposed here will help to characterize the role of LCPUFAs in promoting retinal and cortical development and will be crucial in determining whether there is a need for LCPUFA supplementation of preterm and/or term infant formula.

人类发育的最后三个月和产后早期是 其特点是视网膜和视觉皮层的快速发育。 产后视觉功能和敏感度的改善 异常的早期视觉环境造成的干扰已被广泛 研究了其他环境变量在人类视觉中的作用 发展问题直到最近才得到解决。 目前的研究是 旨在评估膳食 omega-3 和 omega-6 的长期影响 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）对视网膜和 低出生体重早产儿和足月儿的大脑发育 婴儿。 含有高浓度的 omega-3 和 omega-6 LCPUFA 在电活性膜中，特别是在大脑突触中 终端和视网膜感光器中。 由于哺乳动物无法 合成必需脂肪酸 (EFA)，优化视网膜和神经 发育取决于子宫内的胎盘移植和饮食来源 产后。 此外，新生儿可能还不成熟，这限制了他们的能力。 延长/去饱和母体 EFA 以形成 LCPUFA 的能力。 预期 对婴儿随机分配标准婴儿配方奶粉或 含有二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA; 22:6 omega- 3) 和 DHA 加花生四烯酸（AA；20:4 omega-6）将评估 LCPUFA 供应对视网膜和大脑成熟的影响 视网膜电图、模式反转视觉诱发电位、强迫- 选择优先寻找的脑电图研究 睡眠-觉醒周期以及贝利和费根测试。 脂肪酸谱 红细胞将被用作神经系统中 LCPUFA 状态的指标 组织并验证饮食的依从性。 体外研究将 检查补充 LCPUFA 对胎儿发育的影响 人类视网膜，并将提供有关 DHA 机制的新信息 和AA影响生物和形态特征。 这 该项目的长期目标是确定营养需求 人类婴儿的最佳视网膜和皮质发育。 这 这里提出的具体项目将有助于确定其作用 LCPUFAs 促进视网膜和皮质发育，并将 对于确定是否需要 LCPUFA 至关重要 补充早产儿和/或足月婴儿配方奶粉。