OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN NORMAL VISUAL DEVELOPMENT

正常视力发育中的 OMEGA-3 脂肪酸

• 批准号: 6052778
• 负责人: Eileen Elizabeth Birch
• 金额: $ 32.04万
• 依托单位: RETINA FOUNDATION OF THE SOUTHWEST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 2004-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6052778
• 关键词: baby food; breast feeding; cognition; developmental neurobiology; developmental nutrition; dietary supplements; electroretinography; essential fatty acids; evoked potentials; fatty acid metabolism; human subject; linolenate; longitudinal human study; newborn human (0-6 weeks); nutrient requirement; nutrition related tag; omega 3 fatty acid; premature infant human; retina; vision; visual perception; visual phototransduction

DESCRIPTION (Adapted From The Applicant's Abstract): The fatty acid content of neural tissues in the brain changes throughout development, with progressive enrichment of phospholipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs), especially during the last pre-natal trimester and the first 6 months post-natal. Under optimal conditions, LCPs are supplied to the fetus via placental transfer and to the infant via breast-feeding post-natally. However, only 60% of U.S. newborns are breast-fed and 60-80% of breast-fed infants are weaned by 12 weeks of age. Formula feeding deprives infants of pre-formed LCPs since they are not provided in U.S. infant formulas. The last trimester of pre-natal development and the first year of life are periods of rapid increase in the number of synapses and dendritic arborizations in the brain. Since these processes require the deposition of LCPs in neuronal membranes, any limitation of LCP supply may modify the growth and function of the central nervous system. While the focus of research on LCP supplementation of infant formula has been on the first 2-4 months of life, little is known about the critical period during which dietary LCPs influence the maturation of cortical function. In Aim 1, we will conduct a randomized trial of LCP supplementation of term infants during months 4-12. We will delineate the critical period for cortical LCP accretion by comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes from this cohort with our existing term infant data sets from randomized trials of LCP supplementation during the first weeks or months of life. The argument that LCPs are present in human milk as a basis for their inclusion in infant formula is compelling but limited by the lack of data on the short-term and long-term effects of dietary LCP supplements in formula-fed infants. In Aim 2, metabolic and nutritional effects of LCPs will be evaluated in terms of alterations in hemostasis, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and lipid profiles. These functional and biochemical parameters are considered of particular importance to assessing the short-term and long-term safety of LCP-supplementation to the nation's infant formula supply. Visual evoked potential and preferential looking acuity have been used widely as outcome measures in studies of infant LCP nutrition, with the inference that these visual outcomes are related to other aspects of cortical function; i.e., cognitive function. In Aim 3, we propose to obtain the first long-term cognitive outcome data for large samples of infants who participated in randomized trials of LCP-supplemented formula. By relating long-term outcomes to visual cortical function during infancy, we will directly evaluate the predictive of early visual tests for long-term cognitive outcomes.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）： 大脑中的神经组织在整个发育过程中发生变化，并进行性变化 用长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCP）富集磷脂， 尤其是在产前的最后三个月和前六个月 产后在最佳条件下，LCP通过以下途径供应给胎儿： 胎盘转移和出生后通过母乳喂养婴儿。然而，在这方面， 只有60%的美国新生儿是母乳喂养的，60-80%的母乳喂养的婴儿是 12周龄断奶。配方奶粉喂养剥夺了婴儿预先形成的LCP 因为美国的婴儿配方奶粉中没有提供它们。的最后三个月 产前发育和生命的第一年是快速增长的时期 大脑中突触和树突分支的数量。由于这些 这些过程需要LCP在神经元膜中的沉积，任何限制 LCP的供应可能会改变中枢神经系统的生长和功能。 虽然婴儿配方奶粉中添加LCP的研究重点一直是 在生命的最初2-4个月，对关键期知之甚少 在此期间，饮食LCP影响皮质功能的成熟。在Aim中 1，我们将进行一项足月婴儿补充LCP的随机试验 4-12个月。我们将描述皮质LCP的关键期 通过比较这个队列的神经发育结果与我们的 来自LCP补充随机试验的现有足月婴儿数据集 在生命的最初几周或几个月。LCP存在于 母乳作为婴儿配方奶粉的基础是引人注目的， 由于缺乏关于饮食的短期和长期影响的数据， 配方奶粉喂养婴儿的LCP补充剂。在目标2中，代谢和营养 LCP的作用将根据止血的变化进行评价， 抗氧化防御机制和脂质分布。这些功能和 生化参数被认为是特别重要的评估， 对全国婴儿补充LCP的短期和长期安全性 公式供应。视觉诱发电位和优先视敏度 在婴儿LCP营养研究中被广泛用作结局指标， 这些视觉结果与其他方面有关的推断， 皮质功能;即，认知功能在目标3中，我们建议获得 大样本婴儿的首次长期认知结果数据， 参与了补充LCP配方奶粉的随机试验。由有关的 长期的结果，以视觉皮层功能在婴儿期，我们将直接 评估早期视力测试对长期认知结果的预测作用。