TESTING THEORIES OF FEMALE HEADSHIP

在过去的20年里，美国女性担任领导职务的人数有了惊人的增长。 多年来，研究界对此进行了广泛的讨论和研究。 这里提出的研究建立在以前的研究，通过进行正式的 四种不同假设的测试，已建议为 女性领导地位的决定因素。 有待检验的理论表明， 女性领导地位受到以下因素的严重影响：（1）劳动力市场机会， 妇女，通常由妇女工资率代表;（2）AFDC的水平 和其他转移利益;（3）男性的劳动力市场机会， 特别是非熟练工人，以工资率为代表;（4） 低收入人口的性别比例降低了男性的数量， 在婚姻市场上。将使用两种不同的标准， 判断四项中每一项的重要性：它们的统计学意义 微观数据分析的解释力，以及他们解释 女性领导地位的时间序列增长。大量数据来自 不同的来源将被收集和分析，包括CPS，PSID， 和SIPP。适用于横截面、重复横截面、 并且将面板数据估计为与每种类型的数据相关。

The phenomenal growth of female headship in the U.S. over the past twenty years has been widely discussed and investigated by the research community. The research proposed here builds upon prior research by conducting formal tests of four different hypotheses that have been suggested for the determinants of female headship. The theories to be tested posit that female headship is heavily influenced by (1) labor market opportunities for women, most usually proxied by the female wage rate; (2) the level of AFDC and other transfer benefits; (3) labor market opportunities for men, especially unskilled men, as proxied by the wage rate; and (4) changes in the sex ratio in low-income populations that have lowered the number of men available on the marriage market. Two different criteria will be used to judge the importance of each of the four: their statistical significance and explanatory power in microdata analyses, and their ability to explain the time series increase in female headship. A large amount of data from different sources will be assembled and analyzed, including the CPS, PSID, and SIPP. Models appropriate for cross sections, repeated cross sections, and panel data will be estimated as relevant for each type of data.