PERINATAL TRANSITIONS IN MOTOR BEHAVIOR

围产期运动行为的转变

• 批准号: 3329842
• 负责人: ANNE C BEKOFF
• 金额: $ 11.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-04-01 至 1996-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3329842
• 关键词: animal developmental psychology; behavior modification; chick embryo; chickens; developmental neurobiology; dopamine; electromyography; environmental adaptation; hormone regulation /control mechanism; norepinephrine; perinatal; psychomotor function; sensory feedback; serotonin

The long term goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of coordinated motor behaviors. Specifically, this project addresses the transitions in behavior seen during the perinatal period. The studies are designed to explore the role that sensory signals play In shaping the behaviors that occur during this period and in initiating the transitions among them. In addition,-the relationship among these behaviors will be examined. For example, how does altering a behavior at one stage affect the development of other behaviors at later stages? The answers to these questions have Important implications for our understanding of behavioral development in both normal and compromised human infants. This proposal focuses on the perinatal period in chicks, which encompasses the last 20% of the embryonic period (days E17 to E21), hatching (day E21/PO), and the early postnatal period (days PO to P2). Specifically, the transition (1) from Type I embryonic motility, the most common type of embryonic behavior, which appears jerky and uncoordinated, to hatching, a highly stereotyped behavior used to gain release from the egg and (2) from hatching to walking will examined. The chick is an ideal model system for dealing with these questions because the embryo is easily accessible to both observation and experimental manipulation throughout the perinatal period. As in human fetuses, the perinatal period involves a transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial existence, from a confined to a more open environment, and major changes in the kinds of sensory information available. To characterize the perinatal motor behaviors, detailed analyses of kinematic recordings will be used to quantify movements and electromyographic (EMG) recordings will be used to quantify the motor output of the nervous system during late embryonic (Specific Aim 1) and early postnatal (Specific Aim 4) stages. Experimental manipulations of sensory input will be carried out to determine the role of sensory context in the expression of the embryonic behaviors (Specific Aim 2). Because there is evidence that hormonal or other pharmacological signals may play an important role in the initiation of birth and hatching, this will be explored further (Specific Aim 3). Finally, the effects of manipulations of behavior at one stage of development on later development of normal, adaptive behaviors will be examined (Specific Aim 5).

这项研究的长期目标是更好地了解 协调电动机开发涉及的机制 行为。 具体而言，该项目解决了 在围产期期间看到的行为。 研究被设计为 探索感官信号在塑造行为中发挥的作用 发生在此期间，并在其中启动过渡时发生。 此外，将检查这些行为之间的关系。 例如，一个阶段改变行为如何影响 在以后的阶段发展其他行为？这些答案 问题对我们对行为的理解具有重要意义 正常和受损的人类婴儿的发展。 该提议着重于小鸡的围产期， 包括胚胎时期的最后20％（E17至E21天）， 孵化（E21/PO）和产后早期（PO至P2天）。 具体而言，从I型胚胎运动的过渡（1），最多 胚胎行为的常见类型，似乎是生意和不协调的 为了孵化，一种高度定型的行为，用于从 鸡蛋和（2）将检查从孵化到步行。 小鸡是 解决这些问题的理想模型系统，因为胚胎是 容易访问观察和实验操作 在整个围产期。 就像在人类胎儿中一样 时期涉及从水生的过渡到陆地存在， 从局限于更开放的环境，以及 可用的感官信息。 为了表征围产期运动行为，对 运动记录将用于量化运动和 肌电图（EMG）记录将用于量化电动机 胚胎晚期神经系统的输出（特定目标1）和 早期产后（特定目标4）阶段。 实验操作 将进行感觉输入以确定感觉的作用 胚胎行为表达的上下文（特定目标2）。 因为有证据表明荷尔蒙或其他药理信号 可能在启动出生和孵化中起重要作用 将进一步探索（特定目标3）。 最后，影响的影响 以后在一个发展阶段对行为的操纵 将检查正常，适应性行为的发展（特定目的 5）。