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Nanoionics

纳米离子学

基本信息

批准号：
EP/H003819/1
负责人：
P Bruce
金额：
$ 239.18万
依托单位：
University of St Andrews
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH003819%2F1
关键词：
Nanoionics

项目摘要

Ion transport through solids is one of the most fundamental processes in solid state science. The phenomenon is crucialto the function of many devices including fuel cells and batteries as well as sensors, displays and the emerging topic ofnanoionic electronic devices. The first two examples are key energy conversion and storage technologies underdevelopment in the effort to mitigate CO2 emissions and hence address Global Warming.The study of ion transport in solids is known as solid state ionics and embraces solids that support ionic conductivity ( e.g.F- conduction in CaF2) and mixed ionic/electronic conductivity or intercalation compounds ( e.g. the positive electrode inlithium batteries, LiCoO2). Since Faraday first discovered ion transport in solids, investigation has focused on bulk solids(composed of micron-sized particles). However, there are now numerous examples demonstrating that nanoionicmaterials (ionic materials composed of nanometre-sized particles) can exhibit profoundly different behaviour comparedwith their bulk counterparts, including greatly enhanced or even unique properties. Intercalation of Li is impossible intobulk beta-MnO2 but facile in mesoporous beta-MnO2. The conductivity of LiI is raised by 3 orders of magnitude to 2.6x10-4 S/cm at RT when combined with Al2O3 in a nanocomposite. Scientifically, nanoionic materials represent an importantnew frontier in solid state ionics but one that is poorly understood. Nanoionic materials are important because they havethe potential to deliver the step change in performance essential for many devices, including energy storage devices. Forexample, nano-LiFePO4 materials are used as the cathode in a new generation of rechargeable lithium batteries in orderto deliver the high power necessary for applications such as hybrid electric vehicles.It is not the purpose of the proposal to explore the practical applications of nanoionic materials in devices. Indeed wecontend that exploring the extent to which nanoionic materials could be used in applications is hindered by a lack offundamental understanding. The challenge is to understand the science of nanoionics. What is the origin of the muchenhanced properties of nanoionic materials? What are the factors that control and influence the concentration andmobility of charge carriers in nanoscale materials? What is the role of electroneutrality breakdown near the surface, strainin the near surface region, structural distortions near the surface and distortions due to mismatch at interfaces? How doesshape (e.g. nanotubes) as well as size influence solid state ionic properties? Such understanding would represent asignificant scientific advance in an important and topical area in solid state ionics. Developing the scientific understandingof nanoionics is an essential pre requisite for the academic/industrial communities to explore and exploit the very specialproperties of nanoionic materials e.g. in rechargeable lithium batteries.Work to date on nanoionics has been carried out by individuals, using individual techniques and on individual systems. Tomake progress it is necessary to assemble a team thus bringing together the essential expertise in computer simulation,synthesis of nanomaterials, structure determination and physical measurements, and to apply this combination of skills toa range of model systems spanning the major classes of solid state ionic materials. This is what we propose to do andwhy we seek a programme grant.The UK has a traditional strength in solid state ionics with a number of excellent groups. The programme grant wouldcontribute to maintaining the UK's international prominence and help set the international agenda in the field.A new generation of students would be trained in the field, capable of working seamlessly across the traditionalexperimental/computational divide and on a wide range of methods and skills

离子在固体中的输运是固体科学中最基本的过程之一。这一现象对许多设备的功能至关重要，包括燃料电池和电池，以及传感器，显示器和新兴的纳米离子电子设备。前两个例子是正在开发的关键能源转换和储存技术，旨在减少二氧化碳排放，从而解决全球变暖问题。固体中离子传输的研究被称为固态离子学，包括支持离子导电性的固体（例如，CaF 2中的F-导电性）和混合离子/电子导电性或插层化合物（例如，锂电池中的正极LiCoO 2）。自从法拉第首次发现固体中的离子传输以来，研究一直集中在大块固体（由微米级颗粒组成）上。然而，现在有许多例子表明，纳米离子材料（由纳米尺寸的颗粒组成的离子材料）可以表现出与其本体对应物相比完全不同的行为，包括大大增强甚至独特的特性。Li在体相β-MnO_2中的嵌入是不可能的，但在介孔β-MnO_2中的嵌入是容易的。LiI的电导率提高了3个数量级，在室温下达到2.6 × 10 -4 S/cm，当与Al 2 O3在纳米复合材料中结合时。在科学上，纳米离子材料代表了固态离子学的一个重要的新领域，但人们对它的了解却很少。纳米离子材料很重要，因为它们有潜力提供许多设备（包括储能设备）所必需的性能阶跃变化。例如，纳米LiFePO 4材料被用作新一代可充电锂电池的阴极，以提供混合动力电动汽车等应用所需的高功率。探索纳米离子材料在设备中的实际应用不是该提案的目的。事实上，我们认为，探索纳米离子材料在应用中的应用程度受到缺乏基本理解的阻碍。挑战在于理解纳米离子学的科学。纳米离子材料的性能得到极大增强的原因是什么？在纳米材料中，控制和影响载流子浓度和迁移率的因素是什么？表面附近的电中性击穿、表面附近的应变、表面附近的结构畸变和界面处的失配引起的畸变的作用是什么？形状（如纳米管）和尺寸如何影响固态离子性质？这样的理解将代表一个重要的科学进步，在一个重要的和热门的领域，在固态离子学。发展对纳米离子学的科学理解是学术界/工业界探索和利用纳米离子材料的特殊性质（例如可充电锂电池）的一个基本前提。迄今为止，纳米离子学的工作是由个人使用个人技术和个人系统进行的。为了取得进展，有必要组建一个团队，从而汇集计算机模拟，纳米材料合成，结构测定和物理测量方面的基本专业知识，并将这种技能组合应用于跨越主要类别的固态离子材料的一系列模型系统。这就是我们计划要做的事情，也是我们寻求项目资助的原因。英国在固态离子学方面有着传统的优势，拥有许多优秀的团队。该项目的拨款将有助于保持英国的国际地位，并帮助制定该领域的国际议程。新一代的学生将在该领域接受培训，能够在传统的实验/计算鸿沟之间无缝地工作，并掌握广泛的方法和技能