Modelling and Analysis of Quantitative Quality Requirements

定量质量需求的建模和分析

• 批准号: EP/H011447/1
• 负责人: Emmanuel Letier
• 金额: $ 12.95万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH011447%2F1
• 关键词: Modelling; Analysis; Quantitative; Quality; Requirements

Requirements engineering is concerned with the identification of stakeholders' needs concerning the future software, the specification of services and constraints that satisfy these needs, and the assignment of the resulting requirements to agents such as humans, hardware devices, and software components. Functional requirements describe what functions must be provided to satisfy the stakeholders' needs, quality requirements describe how well the functions must be provided to satisfy these needs. Examples of quality requirements include concerns such as security, performance, reliability, availability, maintainability, and scalability. While there are many techniques for eliciting, modelling, and reasoning about functional requirements in a precise way, the treatment of quality requirements during the early stages of system development has so far remained largely informal. This situation is extremely undesirable as quality requirements are critical to a project's success and need to be designed into the system since the very early stages of its development. Vague statements of quality requirements provide insufficient information to make key design decisions, particularly when difficult tradeoffs need to be made among competing qualities. Vague statements of quality requirements are also problematic during verification and validation as they provide insufficient information for adequate analysis and testing. There is therefore a strong need for systematic techniques for the elicitation, precise specification, and analysis of quality requirements expressed in a quantitative, testable way. The project aim is to provide a sound engineering approach to the elaboration and analysis of quality requirements. Our approach relies on the use of quantitative goal models. These models help requirements engineers to define stakeholder's goals in a precise, measurable way, and relate them to precise, testable specifications of software quality requirements. The models can be used to assess the relative values of alternative system designs and guide the selection of a preferred design. During this project, we will develop software tools for automating the computations of such models; and we will define systematic techniques to help requirements engineers elaborating such models while keeping the mathematical formalisms (involving probabilistic equations and temporal logic) hidden from them.

需求工程涉及识别利益相关者关于未来软件的需求，指定满足这些需求的服务和约束，并将最终的需求分配给代理，例如人、硬件设备和软件组件。功能需求描述了必须提供哪些功能来满足利益相关者的需求，质量需求描述了必须提供多好的功能来满足这些需求。质量要求的示例包括安全性、性能、可靠性、可用性、可维护性和可伸缩性等问题。虽然有许多技术可以精确地引出、建模和推理功能需求，但到目前为止，在系统开发的早期阶段对质量需求的处理在很大程度上仍然是非正式的。这种情况是非常不可取的，因为质量要求对项目的成功至关重要，而且需要从开发的非常早期阶段就将其设计到系统中。质量要求的模糊陈述提供的信息不足以做出关键的设计决策，特别是当需要在相互竞争的质量之间进行艰难的权衡时。在核查和确认过程中，质量要求的模糊陈述也是有问题的，因为它们提供的信息不足以进行充分的分析和测试。因此，迫切需要系统的技术来启发、精确规范和分析以定量的、可测试的方式表达的质量要求。该项目的目的是为制定和分析质量要求提供一种完善的工程方法。我们的方法依赖于量化目标模型的使用。这些模型帮助需求工程师以一种精确的、可测量的方式定义涉众的目标，并将它们与软件质量需求的精确的、可测试的规范联系起来。该模型可用于评估备选系统设计的相对价值，并指导优选设计方案的选择。在这个项目中，我们将开发软件工具来自动化这些模型的计算；我们将定义系统的技术来帮助需求工程师阐述这些模型，同时对它们隐藏数学形式(涉及概率方程和时态逻辑)。

项目成果

Simulating and Optimizing Design Decisions in Quantitative Goal Models

在定量目标模型中模拟和优化设计决策

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Emmanuel Letier

Systematic Elaboration of Scalability Requirements through Goal-Obstacle Analysis

通过目标障碍分析系统地阐述可扩展性要求

• DOI: 10.1109/tse.2012.12
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Duboc L

Requirements modelling by synthesis of deontic input-output automata

通过综合道义输入输出自动机进行需求建模

• 作者: Emmanuel Letier (Co-Author)