权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Competitive Cities : The network and long-term impacts of fiscal management of transport demand

竞争城市：交通需求财政管理的网络和长期影响

基本信息

批准号：
EP/H021345/1
负责人：
Simon Shepherd
金额：
$ 60.54万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FH021345%2F1
关键词：
Competitive Cities network long term

项目摘要

Cities compete with each other. For more than fifty years, Public Choice Theory has explored the notion that cities compete to attract and retain residents and businesses. Likewise, the Public Finance & Tax Competition literature identifies competition between cities on tax-and-spend policies. The evidence base suggests 'inter-city competition increases the likelihood cities will pursue a limited strategy versus a balanced or more progressive approach'. In the transport sector, fiscal demand management policies such as road user charging, workplace parking levies and parking charges are therefore issues upon which cities may compete. Both residents and businesses are deeply concerned about the implications of changes to charging regimes. The negative impacts they foresee may in turn influence not only transport decisions, but also (in the long run) location decisions. Thus, there are indirect impacts on the local economy, which provides a stimulus for inter-city competition. Buchan (2008), reviewing policies to combat climate change impacts from transport, concluded that a nationally-imposed parking charge on new developments was necessary, in order 'to avoid local authority fears of destructive competition from neighbouring authorities'. Fiscal management of transport demand is therefore a clear potential source of competition between cities, yet there is little research to guide us on how strong this competition might be, how much of the competitive pressure is real or perceived, and how it should affect the design, implementation and overall effectiveness of fiscal demand management policies. Our research will study the issues surrounding the design and implementation of parking and charging policies looking more specifically at competing cities with the aim to answer the following policy questions :- In what ways do and could cities compete using fiscal demand management policies? How should cities design their policies to achieve individual and collective 'best' outcomes? Should cities consider sharing revenue streams - should they compete or co-operate? How significant are these policies to the redistribution of business and residents between cities? What, if any, implications do the results have for the co-ordination of demand management policies?The research will be based on a mix of in-depth interviews with selected cities and mathematical models of competition between cities covering both short term and long term dynamics and behaviour of relevant stakeholders.

城市之间相互竞争。50多年来，公共选择理论一直在探索城市竞争以吸引和留住居民和企业的概念。同样，公共财政和税收竞争文献确定了城市之间在税收和支出政策上的竞争。证据基础表明，“城市间的竞争增加了城市采取有限战略而不是平衡或更渐进的方法的可能性”。因此，在运输部门，诸如道路使用者收费、工作场所停车费和停车费等财政需求管理政策是城市可能竞争的问题。居民和企业都对收费制度变化的影响深感担忧。他们所预见的负面影响可能不仅影响交通决策，而且（从长远来看）影响选址决策。因此，对当地经济产生了间接影响，从而刺激了城市间的竞争。Buchan（2008年）审查了应对交通运输对气候变化影响的政策，得出结论认为，有必要对新开发项目征收全国性停车费，以“避免地方当局担心来自邻近当局的破坏性竞争”。因此，对运输需求的财政管理显然是城市之间竞争的潜在来源，但很少有研究指导我们这种竞争可能有多强，竞争压力有多大是真实的或感觉到的，以及它将如何影响财政需求管理政策的设计、执行和总体有效性。我们的研究将研究围绕停车和收费政策的设计和实施的问题，更具体地着眼于竞争的城市，旨在回答以下政策问题：-城市以何种方式使用财政需求管理政策进行竞争？城市应如何设计其政策，以实现个人和集体的“最佳”结果？城市是否应该考虑分享收入流--它们应该竞争还是合作？这些政策对城市之间商业和居民的重新分配有多大意义？研究结果对协调需求管理政策有何影响？该研究将基于对选定城市的深入访谈和城市之间竞争的数学模型，涵盖相关利益攸关方的短期和长期动态和行为。