CARDIAC CHARACTERISTICS IN COPPER DEFICIENCY

心肌肥厚是典型的铜缺乏症状。 的 肥大可能是由于在铜缺乏中观察到的贫血。 另一个待检验的假设是， 心肌和瓣膜在缺铜状态下可能会发生变化。 这项研究的目的是评估心脏 从三个角度观察铜缺乏大鼠：1）结构， 2)功能性的，和3）生物化学的。 一些研究将 执行。 在所有的实验中，大鼠将被喂食纯净的食物 根据美洲国家组织的建议制定的： 营养：1）足够的铜（8 mg/Kg饲料）或2）没有 添加铜。 大鼠从断奶起就维持饮食 此后9周。 铜缺乏的指标（即。 红细胞压积，肝铜）将在治疗过程中进行沿着评估。 在所有实验中都出现铜缺乏。 对于实验 第一，在断奶时和第3、6周时处死一些大鼠， 9，并有心肌和瓣膜处理传输 电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察。 其它rat 将在相似的时间点采样，并具有心脏功能 进行的检查：心输出量、心率、血压等。 在另一个实验中，使用上述设计，心脏瓣膜和 将单独分析心肌的胶原交联。 将使用热分析仪测定肌松剂的总交联度。 提取的胶原蛋白的收缩。 将测定心脏瓣膜 使用已建立的技术合成2种特定交联 作为铜依赖性赖氨酰氧化酶的结果： 二羟基赖氨酸正亮氨酸和羟基吡啶鎓。 这些研究 旨在确定结构和胶原蛋白之间的关系 在铜缺乏大鼠中观察到肥大的成熟， 心功能状态。 数据将通过双向评估 以时间和饮食为主效应的方差分析。 结果 将被提交给审查期刊。

Cardiac hypertrophy is a classical copper deficiency symptom. The hypertrophy may be due to the anemia observed in copper deficiency. An alternative hypothesis to be tested is that the cardiac myocardium and valves may be altered in the copper deficient state. The objectives of the proposed research are to evaluate the hearts of copper deficient rats from three points-of-view: 1) structural, 2) functional, and 3) biochemical. Several studies will be performed. In all experiments rats will be fed a purified diet formulated after recommendations from the America: Institute of Nutrition with either 1) adequate copper (8mg/Kg feed) or 2) no added copper. Rats will be maintained on the diets from weaning until 9 wks thereafter. Indicators of copper deficiency (ie. hematocrit, liver copper) will be assessed along the course of the developing copper deficiency for all experiments. For experiment one, some rats will be sacrificed at weaning and at wk 3, 6, and 9 and have cardiac myocardium and valves processed for transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy observations. Other rats will be sampled at similar points in time and have cardiac function tests performed: cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure, etc. In another experiment, using the above design, heart valves and myocardium will be analyzed separately for collagen crosslinking. Myocardium will be assayed for total crosslinking using thermal shrinkage of extracted collagen. Heart valves will be assayed using established techniques for 2 specific crosslinks synthesized as a result of copper dependent lysyl oxidase: dehydro-5, 5' dihydroxylysinonorleucine and hydroxypyridinium. These studies are designed to determine the relationships of structural and collagen maturity observed in hypertrophy among copper deficient rats with cardiac function states. Data will be evaluated by a 2-way analysis of variance with time and diet as main effects. Findings will be submitted to reviewed journals.