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Metal-glass nanocomposites through nanoengineering to application.

金属-玻璃纳米复合材料通过纳米工程走向应用。

基本信息

批准号：
EP/I004173/1
负责人：
AMIN ABDOLVAND
金额：
$ 135.89万
依托单位：
University of Dundee
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI004173%2F1
关键词：
Metal glass nanocomposites through nanoengineering

项目摘要

For many centuries the presence of metal nanoparticles has been evident because of the unusual colour effects associated with them. The red and yellow colours of many medieval church windows originated from silver, gold and copper nanoparticles embedded in the window glass. The first evidence of using gold nanoparticles in antiquity dates back to the 4th century AD (The Lycurgus Cup). The physics of the processes remained a mystery until Michael Faraday, the well-known 19th century physicist, discovered that this effect is due to a new type of optical absorption in metal particles with dimensions substantially less than the wavelength of light. Metal particles which have sizes of the order of one to several hundreds of nanometres, are the subject of intensive research efforts across the world. This is due to the fascinating differences in the optical properties they exhibit compared to bulk metals. When a metal nanoparticle is smaller than the wavelength of light, the light reflected from it is replaced by light scattering, which is particularly strong at the resonance frequencies of collective electron excitations in the nanoparticle. These oscillations are known as particle plasmons or surface plasmon resonances. For noble and alkali metals, where the conduction electrons are sufficiently free-electron-like, the collective excitations show themselves as pronounced resonance effects in optical scattering and absorption spectra. Recent advances in nanotechnology have made it possible to create artificial nanostructured composite materials whose optical properties are determined by their structure, rather than by the characteristics of their constituents. These optical properties are distinctly different from those of conventional composites. Such nanocomposites are often referred to as metamaterials. The most established way to manufacture metamaterials for photonics applications is by engineering the optical response of large groups of repeated submicron patterns, lithographically formed from metal films, using rigorous grating theory for the description of the optical properties of a given pattern. Here, I propose the development of metamaterials that - in the spirit of the original meaning of this term - are based on nanostructured composite materials and exhibit exceptional properties due to the inclusion of artificially implanted inhomogeneities. This concept is based on tailoring the properties of, and providing new functionalities to, artificial materials created by controllable formation of metal nanoparticles in glass matrices; so-called metal-glass nanocomposites (MGNs).I will systematically investigate the entire range of parameters necessary to develop metamaterials by exploiting the generic functionalities of patterned MGNs. These artificial nanomaterials will be designed and investigated in detail utilising a combination of a novel fabrication techniques, and by modifying/tailoring their optical properties with short and ultra-short laser pulses. The technology developed will find a wide range of applications not only in optics and optical industries via optical amplifying, switching and polarisation control, but also in micro- and optoelectronics - e.g. the integration of optical and electronic components at extremely small scales for optical computing. Given the broad application potential for these materials it would be possible to optimise the outcomes and generate internationally competitive output in several key areas of science and technology. A number of manufacturers and industries will ultimately benefit from the work - e.g. computer chip industries, manufacturers of optical data storage devices for security applications, optical sensing devices, display technology, healthcare devices and artists/manufacturers of contemporary jewellery. I believe that the proposed programme will address key problems in this field and will contribute to the UK's leading position in this area of research.

几个世纪以来，金属纳米颗粒的存在是显而易见的，因为它们具有不同寻常的色彩效果。许多中世纪教堂窗户的红色和黄色都源于嵌在窗玻璃中的银、金和铜纳米颗粒。在古代使用金纳米颗粒的第一个证据可以追溯到公元4世纪（Lycurgus Cup）。这一过程的物理学原理一直是个谜，直到19世纪著名的物理学家迈克尔·法拉第（Michael Faraday）发现，这种效应是由于金属粒子的一种新型光学吸收，其尺寸远远小于光的波长。金属颗粒的大小在一到几百纳米之间，是世界范围内密集研究的主题。这是由于与大块金属相比，它们在光学特性上表现出令人着迷的差异。当金属纳米颗粒小于光的波长时，其反射的光被光散射所取代，在纳米颗粒中集体电子激发的共振频率处，光散射尤为强烈。这些振荡被称为粒子等离子体激元或表面等离子体激元共振。对于贵金属和碱金属，其传导电子具有足够的自由电子样，集体激发在光学散射和吸收光谱中表现为明显的共振效应。纳米技术的最新进展使得制造人造纳米结构复合材料成为可能，这种材料的光学特性是由其结构而不是由其成分的特性决定的。这些光学性能明显不同于传统复合材料。这种纳米复合材料通常被称为超材料。制造用于光子学应用的超材料的最成熟的方法是通过设计大量重复亚微米图案的光学响应，这些图案是由金属薄膜平刻形成的，使用严格的光栅理论来描述给定图案的光学特性。在这里，我建议开发一种基于纳米结构复合材料的超材料，这种超材料基于人工植入的非均质性，表现出特殊的性能。这个概念是基于定制的特性，并提供新的功能，人造材料是由玻璃基质中金属纳米颗粒的可控形成创造的；所谓的金属玻璃纳米复合材料（MGNs）。我将系统地研究开发超材料所需的参数的整个范围，通过利用图案MGNs的一般功能。这些人造纳米材料将被设计和详细研究，利用一种新的制造技术，并通过短和超短激光脉冲修改/定制其光学特性。所开发的技术不仅将通过光学放大、开关和偏振控制在光学和光学工业中得到广泛的应用，而且还将在微电子和光电子学中得到广泛的应用，例如在极小尺度上集成光学和电子元件用于光学计算。鉴于这些材料的广泛应用潜力，有可能优化结果，并在几个关键的科学和技术领域产生具有国际竞争力的产出。许多制造商和行业最终将从这项工作中受益，例如计算机芯片行业、用于安全应用的光学数据存储设备制造商、光学传感设备、显示技术、医疗保健设备以及当代珠宝艺术家/制造商。我相信，拟议的计划将解决这一领域的关键问题，并将有助于英国在这一研究领域的领先地位。