Processes, mechanics and management of wastes

废物的工艺、机械和管理

• 批准号: EP/I012206/1
• 负责人: William Powrie
• 金额: $ 122.46万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI012206%2F1
• 关键词: Processes; mechanics; management; wastes

Waste management is changing rapidly as the need to manage the earth's resources responsibly becomes increasingly accepted and enshrined in new legislation. Ideally, changes to the law, regulation and practice would be science-led; but in such a dynamic environment, scientific understanding and engineering know-how sometimes struggle to provide support with the result that the potential consequences of legislative and financial drivers for change may not be fully thought-through. For example, the EU Landfill Directive was enacted mainly to reduce fugitive greenhouse gas emissions from landfills, but its implementation with current treatment options could have the opposite effect. The aim of the Platform Grant is to provide the University of Southampton Waste Management Research Group with the stability and flexibility needed to explore new directions for its research that will provide the waste industry with the science and engineering needed for sustainable response to financial, regulatory and social drivers, and will address the legacy of unsolved problems arising from previous waste management practices. Key areas for development are:1) Field scale implementation of current research - enabling a rapid response when suitable study sites arise: We have developed the science needed by industry to reduce the long term pollution liability of landfills by a variety of remediation techniques, including flushing and in situ aerobic treatment. While excellent progress has been made, major uncertainties remain in upscaling from the laboratory to the field. This will be addressed in future research, in which we plan to investigate flushing and aeration at the field scale by running trials within discrete, bounded areas of MSW landfill(s) with the aim of significantly reducing the long term polluting potential of the wastes. 2) Resource recovery - second generation bio-based products and energy carriers from organic wastes and post-landfill processing: Government policy and strategic waste planning has highlighted a vital role for energy and commodity grade resource recovery in UK waste management practice. The infrastructure to facilitate this is already taking shape, through source segregated collection systems, growing markets for recovered products and pricing structures (e.g. ROC and feed-in tariffs) to encourage renewable energy production. The technology, however, is still in its infancy and underpinning research is urgently needed to support process engineering design, adapt existing technologies and exploit the potential for using waste as a raw material for biorefineries and solid recovered fuels. This will be done within an overall energy, materials and product recovery framework to include MSW processing operations where source segregation is not practised and also post-land filled wastes to reduce their long-term pollution potential and to create additional void space. 3) Application of recent and ongoing research to new forms of wastes - identifying key synergies: There is immense potential for translating the results of our current research into new areas, in particular in characterisation and near field contaminant transport modelling of low and very low level radioactive wastes.4) Development/promotion of a Sustainable Waste/Resource Management Forum including decision support systems (DSS - establishing expertise and stakeholder engagement, and maximising impact: DSS will make the results of the Group's research more readily available to users, encouraging knowledge transfer and maximising impact. Little work has been done to develop DSS for the waste industry, although the potential benefits have been recognised by some. DSS will also facilitate policy and operational decisions on the complex technology and process options available

随着负责任地管理地球资源的必要性日益被接受并载入新的立法，废物管理正在迅速变化。理想情况下，法律、法规和实践的变革将以科学为主导;但在这样一个动态环境中，科学理解和工程知识有时难以提供支持，结果可能无法充分考虑变革的立法和财政驱动因素的潜在后果。例如，欧盟《垃圾填埋指令》的颁布主要是为了减少垃圾填埋场的散逸性温室气体排放，但如果采用目前的处理办法执行该指令，可能会产生相反的效果。该平台赠款的目的是为南安普顿废物管理研究小组的大学提供所需的稳定性和灵活性，以探索其研究的新方向，这将为废物行业提供可持续应对金融，监管和社会驱动因素所需的科学和工程，并将解决以前废物管理实践中产生的未解决问题的遗留问题。发展的关键领域是：1）目前研究的实地规模实施-当合适的研究地点出现时，能够快速响应：我们已经开发了工业所需的科学，通过各种修复技术，包括冲洗和原位好氧处理，减少垃圾填埋场的长期污染责任。虽然已经取得了很大进展，但在从实验室推广到实地方面仍然存在重大的不确定性。这将在未来的研究中得到解决，我们计划通过在城市固体废物填埋场的离散、有界区域内进行试验，在实地规模上调查冲洗和曝气，目的是显著降低废物的长期污染潜力。2)资源回收-从有机废物和填埋后处理中获得第二代生物基产品和能源载体：政府政策和战略废物规划强调了能源和商品级资源回收在英国废物管理实践中的重要作用。促进这一点的基础设施已经形成，通过来源隔离收集系统，回收产品的市场不断扩大，以及鼓励可再生能源生产的定价结构（例如ROC和上网电价）。然而，该技术仍处于起步阶段，迫切需要进行基础研究，以支持工艺工程设计，调整现有技术，并利用废物作为生物炼制和固体回收燃料原料的潜力。我们会在整体能源、物料及产品回收架构下进行这项工作，以包括没有进行源头分类的都市固体废物处理工序，以及在填埋后处理的废物，以减少其长期污染潜力，并创造额外的空间。3)将最近和正在进行的研究应用于新形式的废物-确定关键的协同作用：将我们目前的研究成果转化为新的领域有着巨大的潜力，特别是在低和极低水平放射性废物的特性描述和近场污染物迁移模型方面。4）发展/促进可持续废物/资源管理论坛，包括决策支持系统（DSS -建立专业知识和利益相关者的参与，并最大限度地发挥影响力：DSS将使用户更容易获得集团的研究成果，鼓励知识转移和最大限度地发挥影响力。尽管一些人已经认识到了潜在的好处，但在为废物处理行业开发DSS方面做的工作很少。决策支持系统还将促进关于现有复杂技术和工艺选择的政策和业务决定

项目成果

Landfill gas emission monitoring.

垃圾填埋场气体排放监测。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.039
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
• 作者: Beaven R

Scale effect in the pollutants transport through the reject of a MBT plant

MBT 工厂排出污染物的规模效应

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Modella Riano, A

Validation of landfill methane measurements from an unmanned aerial system

无人机系统垃圾填埋场甲烷测量的验证

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Allen G

Comparison of percolation leaching tests on aged MSW and rejected waste from a MBT plant.

对陈旧城市固体废物和 MBT 工厂废弃废物的渗滤浸出测试进行比较。

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Molleda Riano, A

Preliminary results from tests comparing the efficiency of contaminant flushing of municipal solid waste.

比较城市固体废物污染物冲刷效率的测试的初步结果。

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Hudson, A