LOCAL REFLEXES IN THE AIRWAYS

呼吸道的局部反射

• 批准号: 3366296
• 负责人: DAVID C THOMPSON
• 金额: $ 12.1万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-08-01 至 1994-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3366296
• 关键词: asthma; autonomic reflex; bronchospasm; efferent nerve; guinea pigs; innervation; neuropeptides; respiratory airway clearance; respiratory muscles; tachykinin; tissue /cell culture; vascular smooth muscle nervous control

Asthma is a disease characterized by airway hyperreactivity and features episodic periods of reversible airway obstruction. Investigation of the role of neural mechanisms in the bronchospastic manifestation of this disease has centered around efferent autonomic nerves, particularly as they pertain to a central nervous system reflex arc. Recently, neuropeptides derived from sensory nerves innervating the airways have been proposed as being important in modulating airway function to the extent of being involved in an 'axon' reflex network. However, virtually all of the evidence for such a reflex is based on studies in non-pulmonary tissues or on studies using non-physiological stimuli. The hypothesis to be examined in the present study is whether pulmonary sensory nerves or efferent nerves play an important role in the local regulation of bronchomotor tone in guinea-pig airways. The specific objectives are (i) to characterize the central nervous system-independent role of afferent (sensory) and efferent nerves in the modulation or mediation of airway smooth muscle tone caused by a variety of bronchocontrictors in isolated guinea-pig airways, (ii) to identify the physiological importance of non-central nervous system-dependent (or local) reflexes relative to central nervous system reflexes in anesthetized guinea pigs, (iii) to elucidate the features of local reflexes including the breadth of local reflex networks and their role in mechanical distension-induced contraction of the airways. It is proposed that afferent and efferent nerves exert modulatory activities independent of the central nervous system to influence the bronchomotor activity of applied agonists. It is envisaged that information about reflex networks in the airways will provide valuable new insights into the way in which airway smooth muscle tone and responsiveness can be regulated by local mechanisms.

哮喘是一种以呼吸道高反应性为特征的疾病 可逆性呼吸道阻塞的间歇性时期。对这一事件的调查 神经机制在本病支气管痉挛表现中的作用 疾病以传出自主神经为中心，尤其是当 它们属于中枢神经系统反射弧线。最近， 从支配呼吸道的感觉神经派生的神经肽 被认为对调节呼吸道功能至为重要 参与‘轴突’反射网络的程度。然而，虚拟的 所有关于这种反射的证据都是基于 非肺组织或使用非生理刺激的研究。这个 本研究中要检验的假设是，肺是否 感觉神经或传出神经在局部起着重要作用。 豚鼠呼吸道支气管运动张力的调节。具体的 目标是(I)描述中枢神经系统非依赖性 传入(感觉神经)和传出神经在调制中的作用 多种血管紧张素转换酶对气道平滑肌张力的调节 豚鼠离体气道中的支气管收缩药，(Ii)鉴定 非中枢神经系统依赖的生理重要性(或 局部)相对于中枢神经系统反射的反射 麻醉豚鼠，(III)阐明局部的特点 反射包括局部反射网络的广度及其在 机械扩张引起的呼吸道收缩。有建议说 传入和传出神经独立地进行调节活动 影响中枢神经系统的支气管运动活动 应用激动剂。据设想，有关反射网络的信息 将提供有价值的新见解，让我们了解 气道平滑肌张力和反应性可通过局部调节 机制。