SANDPIT - 'Reflect': A feasibility study in experienced utility and travel behaviour

SADPIT -“反思”：对经验丰富的公用事业和旅行行为的可行性研究

• 批准号: EP/J004715/1
• 负责人: Jennifer Roberts
• 金额: $ 99.57万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FJ004715%2F1
• 关键词: SANDPIT; Reflect; feasibility; study; experienced

Travel behaviours have shown considerable resistance to change, but substantial change is needed because reduced emissions cannot be secured from technical innovation alone. Our focus is on a new way to engage with, and ultimately influence, travel behaviours. Instead of appealing to emission reduction (which can feel removed from our everyday experiences), we appeal to people's wish to improve their own subjective well-being (SWB). Drawing on the behavioural economics concept of experienced utility (EU) and the psychology of health behaviour change, we combine these perspectives with expertise from mobile computing, creative technologies, mathematics and user-centred design to explore an innovative solution to understanding and potentially influencing travel behaviour. We develop an experience sampling system via a smartphone platform for the collection and delivery of real-time information on subjective travel experience. In a series of small controlled trials we feedback information to individuals about their own experiences, and those of others, and we explore whether and how these interventions change behaviour. The idea is one of user-informed behavioural interventions to encourage self-motivated change, and here we draw on evidence from successful interventions in health. Here is what it might look like. You wearily push the car door shut, run your fingers over the dent and trudge, head down, to your front door. Placing your keys on the table, a tired face stares back from the hallway mirror - how many more grey hairs? Slumped in your armchair about to switch on the TV, your smartphone buzzes. You know what it is. Those people at the REFLECT project always know when you've arrived home and now they want to know how you feel. You tap a few keys in response to their prompts and then settle back in the chair for a snooze. You dimly register the spattering of rain on the windowpanes. The sky darkens ... The phone buzzes and you jerk up - must have dozed off. It's bound to be the REFLECT project prompting you with a reminder to download a 'representation of your travel experience'. You'd been listening to them over the last week and they'd only made your mood worse. What have they got for me now? That's unusual, "they want me to try someone else's experience?" You press play, and there's a picture of someone reading on a bus, they look very chilled, ipod on, the background music is relaxing ... Next morning you wake to the twitter of birds and soft sunlight stealing through the shutters. That crick in your neck seems to have gone and it's stopped raining. Through half-closed eyes you think back through the events of last night. Intrigued by someone else's experience, you had looked at that person's profile on the REFLECT system. Whoever they were, they clearly lived nearby because they took the same route into the centre of town. Every day, the travel experience this person had reported was consistently more pleasant than yours. The only difference you could see was that they took the bus into town. You'd many times passed people waiting at the stops: "Mugs," you'd thought, feeling superior in the metallic enclosure of your car. "Yet, I really don't enjoy my travel experience and they clearly do." "I wonder...".Our project aims to encourage people to reflect on how they feel during regular journeys. We are not promising that the interventions that we deliver in this feasibility study will promote beneficial change. However, we explore how they influence the way people think about their travel behaviour, and use this improved understanding to design interventions that will promote change.

出行行为对改变表现出相当大的阻力，但需要进行实质性改变，因为仅靠技术创新无法确保减少排放。我们的重点是一种参与并最终影响旅行行为的新方式。我们不呼吁减少排放（这可能与我们的日常生活经验相去甚远），而是呼吁人们改善自己的主观幸福感（SWB）。借鉴经验效用（EU）的行为经济学概念和健康行为变化的心理学，我们将这些观点与移动计算、创意技术、数学和以用户为中心的设计的专业知识相结合，探索一种创新的解决方案来理解和潜在影响旅行行为。我们通过智能手机平台开发了一个体验采样系统，用于收集和提供有关主观旅行体验的实时信息。在一系列小型对照试验中，我们向个人反馈有关他们自己和他人经历的信息，并探讨这些干预措施是否以及如何改变行为。这个想法是一种用户知情的行为干预措施，旨在鼓励自我激励的改变，在这里我们借鉴了成功的健康干预措施的证据。它可能是这样的。你疲惫地关上车门，用手指抚过凹痕，低着头，艰难地走到前门。把钥匙放在桌子上，一张疲惫的脸从走廊的镜子里回望——还有多少白发？当你坐在扶手椅上准备打开电视时，你的智能手机嗡嗡作响。你知道那是什么。 REFLECT 项目的人员总是知道您何时到家，现在他们想知道您的感受。你根据他们的提示敲击几个键，然后靠在椅子上小睡一会儿。你隐隐约约地看到雨滴打在窗玻璃上。天色暗了下来……电话铃声响起，你猛地一惊——一定是睡着了。 REFLECT 项目肯定会提醒您下载“您旅行体验的代表”。上周你一直在听他们的讲话，但他们只会让你的心情变得更糟。他们现在给我带来了什么？这很不寻常，“他们想让我尝试别人的经历？”你按下播放键，就会出现一张有人在公交车上看书的照片，他们看起来很冷，打开了ipod，背景音乐很轻松……第二天早上，你在鸟鸣声中醒来，柔和的阳光透过百叶窗偷偷溜进来。你脖子上的痉挛似乎已经消失了，雨也停了。半闭着眼睛回想昨晚发生的事情。由于对其他人的经历感兴趣，您在 REFLECT 系统上查看了该人的个人资料。不管他们是谁，他们显然就住在附近，因为他们走同一条路线进入市中心。每天，此人报告的旅行体验都比您的更愉快。你能看到的唯一区别是他们乘公共汽车进城。很多次你都会经过在车站等候的人们：“天哪，”你会想，在汽车的金属外壳中感觉优越。 “然而，我真的不喜欢我的旅行经历，而他们显然很喜欢。” “我想知道......”。我们的项目旨在鼓励人们反思他们在常规旅行中的感受。我们并不承诺我们在本可行性研究中提供的干预措施将促进有益的变革。然而，我们探索它们如何影响人们对其旅行行为的看法，并利用这种加深的理解来设计促进变革的干预措施。

项目成果

On the road [From the Editor in Chief]

在路上【主编】

• DOI: 10.1109/mprv.2011.76
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: IEEE Pervasive Computing
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Davies N

Demo

演示

• DOI: 10.1145/2307636.2307700
• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: Gullick D

Efficacy of behavioural interventions for transport behaviour change: systematic review, meta-analysis and intervention coding.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0133-9
• 发表时间: 2014-11-28
• 期刊: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
• 作者: Arnott B;Rehackova L;Errington L;Sniehotta FF;Roberts J;Araujo-Soares V
• 通讯作者: Araujo-Soares V

Phone-based presentation of other commuters' subjective experiences: impact on car-driver intentions

基于电话的其他通勤者主观体验的呈现：对汽车驾驶员意图的影响

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Oliveira, L

Random walkers with extreme value memory: modelling the peak-end rule

具有极值记忆的随机游走者：对峰终规则进行建模

• DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/17/5/053049
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: New Journal of Physics
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Harris R