SOCIAL STRESS AND FUNCTIONING FOLLOWING HURRICANE HUGO

1989年9月21日，飓风雨果成为最恶劣的自然灾害之一 本世纪袭击美国东南部的灾难。这个 拟议的研究将评估这一重大的心理健康影响 事件。这项研究着眼于自然灾害的社会背景，将 检验三个中心假设--(1)灾难直接、不利、 和对精神健康的长期影响；(2)这些影响可能是 被保护自尊和感知的支持交换所抵消 社会支持；及(3)这些影响可能会因 同时存在危机和社会/生态压力。更具体 目的是回答几个问题，以增加这些广泛的中心 假设。其他分析将评估 根据年龄和性别定义的子组的研究结果。 为了达到它的目的，这项研究将利用自然 正在进行的“实验”雨果留在了它的道路上。萨凡纳和查尔斯顿(两个 相距100英里的历史、沿海城市)都受到了严重的威胁 雨果，但实际上只有查尔斯顿被击中。查尔斯顿和 夏洛特被击败了，但只有查尔斯顿拥有普赖斯的“优势” 事件的警告(威胁)。第四个“控制”城市的增加 既没有受到雨果的威胁，也没有受到雨果的打击，都不会产生2x2的威胁 将指导样本选择。在每个城市，一个通用的 将分三次对250人的总体样本进行访问 术后12、18、24个月。通过研究这些不同的设置，请访问 在不同的时间点上，研究将增加我们对 灾难性事件的各种因素如何结合在一起产生长期影响 心理上的痛苦。 该项目的最终任务将是使用这些发现来生成模型 对受灾社区的干预，将与 各种灾害和紧急救援机构。

On September 21, 1989, Hurricane Hugo became one of the worst natural disasters to strike the southeastern United States in this century. The proposed research would assess the mental health impact of this significant event. Focusing on the social context of natural disaster, the study would test three central hypotheses- (1) that disasters exert a direct, adverse, and long-term effect on mental health; (2) that these effects may be counteracted by support exchanges that protect self-esteem and perceived social support; and (3) that these effects may be exacerbated by the presence of concurrent crises and social/ecological stress. More specific aims are to answer several questions that add detail to these broad central hypotheses. Additional analyses would assess the generalizability of the findings across subgroups defined by age and sex. To accomplish its aims, the study would take advantage of a naturally occurring "experiment" Hugo left in its path. Savannah and Charleston (two historic, coastal cities 100 miles apart) were both seriously threatened by Hugo, but only Charleston was actually struck. Both Charleston and Charlotte were struck, but only Charleston had the "advantage" of prior warning (threat) of the event. The addition of a fourth "control" city that was neither threatened nor stricken by Hugo would yield a 2X2 "threat by loss" design that would guide sample selection. In each city, a general population sample of 250 persons would be interviewed three times at points 12, 18, and 24 months postevent. By studying these different settings at different points in time, the research will increase our understanding of how various elements of a disastrous event combine to produce longterm psychological distress. The project's final task would be to use these findings to generate a model intervention for disaster stricken communities that would be shared with various disaster and emergency relief agencies.