ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD

从童年到成年的反社会行为

• 批准号: 3384635
• 负责人: TERRIE E MOFFITT
• 金额: $ 38.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-06-01 至 1996-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3384635
• 关键词: New Zealand; adolescence (12-20); antisocial personality; criminal behavior; drug abuse; education; employment /unemployment; family structure /dynamics; human subject; interview; juvenile delinquency; longitudinal human study; marriage /marital status; mental disorders; social support network; violence; young adult human (21-34)

Between ages 18 and 24, the prevalence of criminal offending decreases sharply. It is commonly believed that delinquents become desisters because of the developmental transitions of young adulthood: marriage, a new family, and employment. However, there are few empirical descriptions of this process. At the same time that the majority of delinquents abandon crime for more pro-social lifestyles, a smaller number of individuals continue their crime careers into young adulthood and beyond. These persisters are thought to have high offense rates and to be often violent. It is not known why criminal persisters are exempt from the taming influence of adult transitions that presumably help others to desist. Criminological theories, preoccupied with the origins of antisocial behavior, fail to account for the marked divergence in the lifecourses of delinquents during young adulthood, one of the most robust facts known about crime. The proposed program of research offers innovations in theory and empirical research. We propose to follow up at age 21 the 1,000 members of the Dunedin New Zealand Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental Longitudinal Study, and their new spouses and children. The sample is a representative birth cohort of males and females whose antisocial behavior has been previously studied at ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 18. To complement the existing data base of social, psychological, and biological variables on this cohort, we shall collect new data on: self-reported, peer-reported and official crime, mental disorder, substance use, sexual & reproductive behavior, and intra-familial antisocial behavior toward spouses and children. These outcomes will be related to new data on the timing and quality of young adult transitions: education, work, finances, cohabitation and marriage, child-bearing, parenting, social networks, residence change, and illness and disability. The research will be the first to describe the natural history of antisocial behavior in the same individuals, male and female, from infancy to adulthood. The collection and analysis of data in this program of research are guided by a new theory developed during the first 6 years of NIMH support. The theory is both developmental and taxonomic in nature. It proposes two distinct types of antisocial involvement: "Life-Course Persistent Antisocial Behavior" and "Adolescence-Limited Delinquency". I have argued that the two types differ in etiology, developmental course, demographic distribution, prognosis for intervention, and in the classification of their behavior as either pathological or adaptive. The follow up of the NZ sample at age 21 will allow tests of a set of point predictions generated from the theory. By linking criminal desistence and criminal persistence to life history data from birth to young adulthood, the proposed research aspires to make some advances in research design and theory-testing, and to yield findings that are of practical relevance for intervention policy.

在18岁至24岁之间， 大幅 人们普遍认为，犯罪者之所以会成为戒断者，是因为 年轻人的发展转变：婚姻，一个新的 家庭和就业。 然而，很少有经验性的描述， 这个过程 与此同时，大多数犯罪者放弃了 更亲社会的生活方式，更少的个人犯罪 继续他们的犯罪生涯，直到年轻的成年和以后。 这些 坚持者被认为有很高的犯罪率，而且经常是暴力的。 目前还不清楚为什么犯罪坚持者免于驯服 成年人转变的影响，可能会帮助其他人停止。 犯罪学理论，专注于反社会的起源 行为，未能解释生命历程中的显着差异 青少年犯罪，已知的最有力的事实之一， 关于犯罪 拟议的研究计划提供了创新， 理论与实证研究。 我们建议对达尼丁新议会的1 000名成员进行21岁的跟踪调查， 新西兰多学科健康和发展纵向研究，以及 他们的新配偶和孩子。 样本是一个具有代表性的出生 一群男性和女性，他们的反社会行为以前是 在3岁、5岁、7岁、9岁、11岁、13岁、15岁和18岁时进行研究。 来补充现有的 社会、心理和生物变量的数据库 队列，我们将收集新的数据：自我报告，同行报告和 公务犯罪、精神障碍、药物使用、性与生殖 行为，以及家庭内对配偶的反社会行为， 孩子 这些结果将与关于时间和地点的新数据有关。 年轻人过渡的质量：教育，工作，财务， 同居和婚姻，生育，养育子女，社交网络， 居住地变更、疾病和残疾。 这项研究将是 第一次描述反社会行为的自然历史， 个体，男性和女性，从婴儿到成年。 本研究计划中的数据收集和分析指导 在NIMH支持的前6年中开发的一种新理论。 的 理论在本质上既是发展的又是分类的。 它提出两个 不同类型的反社会参与：“生命历程持续 反社会行为”和“青少年有限犯罪”。 我已经论证 这两种类型在病因、发展过程、人口统计学 分布、干预预后以及 他们的行为是病态的还是适应性的。 新西兰的后续行动 21岁的样本将允许测试生成的一组点预测 从理论上来说。 通过将犯罪中止和犯罪持续联系起来 从出生到成年早期的生活史数据， 渴望在研究设计和理论测试方面取得一些进展，并 得出对干预政策具有实际意义的结论。