OPTICAL STUDIES OF NEURON ACTIVITY & ORGANIZATION

神经元活动的光学研究

• 批准号: 3393775
• 负责人: LAWRENCE B COHEN
• 金额: $ 38.93万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1977
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1977-02-01 至 1994-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3393775
• 关键词: Aplysia; Urodela; bicuculline; cerebral cortex; dyes; electrophysiology; epilepsy; ganglions; imaging /visualization /scanning; interneurons; laboratory rat; learning; monitoring device; neural information processing; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neurons; neurophysiology; neuropsychology; reflex; sensory mechanism; somesthetic sensory cortex; stimulus /response

There are two long-term objectives of the proposal. First, to understand in neuronal detail how simpler nervous systems are able to generate behaviors and how these nervous systems are able to accomplish simple forms of learning. The second is to understand what happens in cortex during epileptic seizures. In order to better accomplish these scientific goals, we also have the methodological goal of improving optical techniques for monitoring neuron activity. We have been using optical methods to monitor neuron activity in the Aplysia abdominal ganglion during the gill-withdrawal reflex. Our preliminary results suggest that between 250 and 420 neurons in the ganglion are activated by a mechanical stimulus to the siphon. However this estimate comes from a recording that is perhaps 35% complete. We propose experiments to improve the completeness of the recording, experiments to allow preliminary identification of many of these neurons, and analyses to allow us to follow the activity of individual neurons during a series of trials involving habituation and sensitization. We also plan experiments to try to see if the same behavioral plasticity can be achieved with fewer neurons. If this is successful we propose to make a model of the neuron interactions that generate the behavior. We have been able to monitor activity in bicuculline induced inter-ictal epileptiform discharges in rat somatosensory cortex. Our results were surprising in two regards. First, they indicated that the optical measurements and the ball electrode measurements could give very disparate results. Second, they indicated that there were qualitative differences between discharges induced by sensory stimulation and spontaneous discharges. Our first aim is to confirm these result. Then we plan a local application of bicuculline to study the spread (or absence of spread) of the epileptic activity away from the treated region. Finally we plan a simultaneous measurement from both the bicuculline treated and the untreated contralateral somatosensory cortex. These experiments are meant to lead toward measurements in more sophisticated models (primates) of the human disease. These experiment may also lead to the use of optical monitoring techniques for determining the location of epileptic foci in surgical patients.

该提案有两个长期目标。 一是 了解神经元的细节， 以及这些神经系统是如何 能够完成简单的学习形式。 二是 了解癫痫发作时大脑皮层发生了什么 在 为了更好地实现这些科学目标，我们还需要 改进光学技术的方法目标， 监测神经元活动。 我们一直在使用光学方法来监测神经元的活动， 回鳃反射时的腹神经节麻痹 我们的初步结果表明，在250到420个神经元之间， 在神经节中的神经元被机械刺激激活， 虹吸管 然而，这一估计来自一个记录， 大概完成了35% 我们提出实验，以改善 记录的完整性，实验允许初步 识别出许多这样的神经元， 来追踪单个神经元在一系列 涉及习惯化和敏感化的试验。 我们还计划 这些实验试图看看同样的行为可塑性是否可以 用更少的神经元实现。 如果成功，我们建议 制作一个神经元相互作用的模型， 行为 我们已经能够监测荷包牡丹碱诱导的 大鼠躯体感觉皮层发作间期痫样放电 我们的研究结果在两个方面令人惊讶。 首先，他们指出， 光学测量和球形电极 测量可能会给出非常不同的结果。 二是 表明，有质量的差异， 感觉刺激和自发放电 放电。 我们的首要目标是证实这些结果。 然后我们 计划局部应用荷包牡丹碱研究扩散（或 没有扩散）的癫痫活动远离治疗 地区 最后，我们计划从两个方面同时测量 治疗的荷包牡丹碱和未治疗的对侧 躯体感觉皮层 这些实验旨在引导 在更复杂的模型（灵长类动物）中进行测量， 人类疾病。 这些实验也可能导致使用 光学监测技术用于确定 手术患者的癫痫灶。