AUDITORY ADAPTATION FOR SUPRATHRESHOLD STIMULI

对阈上刺激的听觉适应

• 批准号: 3396536
• 负责人: DENNIS MCFADDEN
• 金额: $ 14.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-12-01 至 1991-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3396536
• 关键词: auditory fatigue; auditory pathways; auditory stimulus; auditory threshold shift; auditory tracking; binaural hearing; hearing tests; human subject; loudness; noise biological effect; occupational health /safety; psychoacoustics; sequential perception; sound frequency

The broad goal of this research is to better understand the functioning of the human auditory system, both in its normal state and in the temporarily abnormal state induced by exposure to intense sound. Among the various questions to be addressed by individual experiments are: (1) the relative susceptibilities of low- and high-frequency regions to temporary threshold shift (TTS) and temporary loudness shift (TLS), (2) the way contralateral stimulation of varying frequency and intensity affects ipsilateral TTS, (3) the way loudness functions are altered at frequencies remote from the exposure frequency, (4) the various ways temporal processing is upset following exposure to intense sound or ingestion of aspirin, and (5) the ways oto-acoustic emissions respond to "exposures" of various frequencies and intensities. Knowledge about these issues will not only contribute to a fuller understanding of the auditory system, but it may also prove relevant to the establishment of guidelines or standards for exposure to intense sounds in occupational and recreational settings. The research is also relevant to investigators interested in model conditions for sensorineural hearing loss. Various psychophysical methods will be used in the different experiments. Loudness is measured using variants of the alternate binaural loudness balance (ABLB) procedure. Sensitivity in the quiet is measured using a form of the classical method of adjustment or using adaptive two-interval forced-choice. The standard procedure is to measure hearing sensitivity and whatever other psychophysical ability is of interest prior to any exposures to intense sound, deliver an intense sound that is calibrated to produce a known amount of TTS, and then measure both the recovery from TTS and the other psychophysical ability of interest. Our exposure intensities and durations are calibrated for each subject individually to produce 12-14 dB of TTS, and no exposure exceeding 110 dB for 15 mins is ever given. In some experiments we plan to use a technique of successive, short exposures rather than one longer one; the goal is to hold the level of auditory "fatigue" at a known, fixed value in order to study it better. The informed consent procedure includes an educational program of required lectures, films, and readings.

这项研究的广泛目标是更好地了解 人类听觉系统，无论是正常状态还是暂时的 暴露于强烈的声音引起的异常状态。 在各种 单个实验要解决的问题是：（1）相对 临时阈值的低频和高频区域的敏感性 移动（TTS）和临时响度转移（TLS），（2）对侧方式 刺激不同频率和强度会影响同侧TT，（3） 响度功能在远离频率的方式变化的方式 暴露频率，（4）时间处理的各种方式令人沮丧 暴露于强烈的声音或摄入阿司匹林之后，（5） 奥托 - 声学排放对各种频率的“暴露”做出反应 和强度。 对这些问题的了解不仅会有助于 对听觉系统的充分了解，但也可能证明 与建立暴露准则或标准有关 职业和娱乐环境中的强烈声音。 研究是 也与对模型条件感兴趣的调查人员有关 感官听力损失。 将使用各种心理物理方法 不同的实验。 使用的变体测量响度 替代双耳响度平衡（ABLB）程序。 灵敏度 使用经典调整方法的形式或 使用自适应两间隙强制选择。 标准程序是 测量听力敏感性以及其他任何心理物理能力 在暴露于强烈声音之前的利息，发出强烈的声音 经过校准以产生已知数量的TT，然后测量 从TTS和其他感兴趣的心理物理能力中恢复。 我们的暴露强度和持续时间是为每个受试者校准的 单独产生12-14 dB的TT，没有超过110 dB的暴露 从来没有15分钟。 在某些实验中，我们计划使用一种技术 连续的，短的曝光，而不是一个更长的曝光；目标是 将听觉“疲劳”保持在已知的固定值中，以便 更好地研究它。 知情同意程序包括教育 所需的演讲，电影和阅读计划。