MULTIPLE SITE OPTICAL RECORDING OF MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

某些物质，当结合到神经细胞膜上时，心脏和 骨骼肌、腺体和其他细胞，作为分子指示剂 膜电位。这些分子的光学性质各不相同 与潜力呈线性关系，因此可以用来监控行动 电位、突触电位或膜电压的其他变化 一次使用大量的位置，无需使用电极。这个 项目将开发更敏感的探测器，加深我们对 他们转换电压和扩展技术的机制 与它们的使用有关。其目的是利用这些分子 光学记录膜电势的电压表 单个神经元的不可触及的区域，如神经末梢和 树枝分枝，并同时从多个地点在小 组织培养中的神经元集合，以研究空间和 活动的时间模式。 第一，一种新的基于高分辨率计算机的多站点系统 将构建跨膜电压的光学记录(MSORTV)， 能够监测高达464℃的膜电位的变化 一旦，这台仪器将被用来研究真正的 简单神经系统--突触连接的海兔小群 中枢神经元在培养中的维持--通过光记录电 同时从它们的所有组件进行活动。 第二，这个仪器将被用来记录膜电位的变化 从单个神经元的精细突起中确定电信号 非主动和被动的神经元结构的特性 可被电极穿透，并且经常太远，电学上不适合 它们的活动将反映在体细胞上。 最后，该项目将利用实验室的独特能力 监测脊椎动物神经末梢的电活动以进行研究 神经肽释放部位的离子通道，并结合 用光子吸收测量神经末梢的激发 相关性研究，使用激光散射，以便更好地 了解在脊椎动物神经元中，兴奋如何与分泌相耦合 还有其他地方。

Certain substances, when bound to the membranes of neurons, cardiac and skeletal muscle, glands, and other cells, behave as molecular indicators of membrane potential. The optical properties of these molecules vary linearly with potential and may, therefore, be used to monitor action potentials, synaptic potentials, or other changes in membrane voltage from a large number of sites at once, without the use of electrodes. The project will develop more sensitive probes, add to our understanding of the mechanisms by which they transduce voltage, and extend the technology associated with their use. The intention is to use these molecular voltmeters for optical recording of membrane potential from otherwise inaccessible regions of single neurons such as nerve terminals and dendritic arborizations, and from many sites simultaneously in small ensembles of neurons in tissue culture in order to study the spatial and temporal patterning of activity. First, a new high resolution computer based system for Multiple Site Optical Recording of Transmembrane Voltage (MSORTV) will be constructed, capable of monitoring changes in membrane potential from as many as 464 at once, and this apparatus will be used to study the properties of truly simple nervous systems - small ensembles of synaptically connected Aplysia central neurons maintained in culture - by optical recording of electrical activity from all of their components simultaneously. Second, this apparatus will be used to record membrane potential changes from fine processes of single neurons in order to determine the electrical properties, both active and passive, of neuronal structures which are not penetrable by electrodes and are frequently too far away, electrically, for their activity to be reflected in the somata. Finally, the project will exploit the laboratory's unique ability to monitor electrical activity in the nerve terminals of vertebrates to study the ion channels at the release sites of neuropeptides, and to combine absorption measurements of excitation at nerve terminals with photon correlation studies, using laser light scattering, in order better to understand how excitation is coupled to secretion, in vertebrate neurons and elsewhere.