Integrated Operation and Planning for Smart Electric Distribution Networks (OPEN)

英国承诺到2050年将温室气体排放量在1990年的基础上至少减少80%。DECC的2050年路径分析显示了我们可以通过各种方式实现这一目标。所有这些都具有可再生能源的高普及率，以及对热能和运输电气化的大量吸收，特别是从2030年起。这将对电力供应基础设施，特别是配电系统的规模提出前所未有的需求和分布式发电。如果要采用一切照旧的模式，那么去碳化的成本将非常高。同样面临全球气候变化和可持续发展的压力，中国政府宣布，到2020年，单位国内生产总值碳排放量要下降到2008年的40%-45%。然而，中国也需要满足过去20年来一直持续的10%的年需求增长，而且这种增长速度预计至少还会持续10年。因此，以经济、可持续的方式加固现有配电网，同时满足客户对供电质量和可靠性日益提高的期望，是中国智能电网发展的基本要求之一。当务之急是研究如何利用智能电网干预措施发展和调整当前的配电网络，以促进以具有成本效益的方式及时连接低碳和可持续技术。这是英国、中国和许多其他国家面临的全球性挑战。我们的联合体汇集了来自英国和中国的顶尖研究人员，共同研究智能配电网的综合运行和规划，以应对两个关键研究挑战：(1)传统的网络运行和规划方法无法应对增加的测量和控制提供的新机会，也没有处理智能配电网不可避免的不确定性。(2)配电公司内部和政府/监管机构的政策制定者迫切需要对应如何利用智能电网干预来发展和运营国家或地区的配电基础设施有一个普遍的理解。我们将研究新的技术和方法来解决这些重要问题：(1)将使用配电状态估计和概率预测控制方法来确定智能电网干预措施的位置和控制策略，包括软开点和电子嵌入式混合有载分接开关。(2)将提出新的动态定价技术来解决能源市场和网络运行之间的冲突，并在这些冲突存在的情况下找到协同作用。(3)一个非常快速的网络评估工具和一个滚动计划工具，将在计划和运行之间架起一座桥梁(4)将开发新的可视化和报告技术，为网络规划者提供运营商以及政策制定者明确了如何最有效地使用智能电网干预措施的见解。互补的跨国专业知识将使我们能够以极大的成本、时间和精力进行具有挑战性的研究。这项研究将建立在两国伙伴机构之间长期良好的合作基础上。我们的目标是在2030-2050年的时间框架内为智能配电网的未来提供战略方向，并提供替代网络运营和规划战略的方法和技术，以促进经济高效地向低碳未来演进。

The UK has a commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050 relative to 1990 levels. DECC's 2050 Pathway Analysis shows the various ways through which we can achieve this target. All feature a high penetration level of renewable generation and a very substantial uptake of electrification of heat and transport, particularly from 2030 onwards. This will place unprecedented demand and distributed generation on electricity supply infrastructure, particularly the distribution systems due to their size. If a business as usual model is to apply, then the costs of de-carbonisation will be very high. Being equally confronted by the pressure of global climate change and sustainable development, the Chinese government has declared that by 2020 the carbon emission per-unit GDP will reduce to 40-45% of that in 2008. However China also needs to meet a 10% annual demand increase which has been on-going for the past 20 years, and this rate of growth is expected to continue for at least another 10 years. Therefore reinforcement of current distribution networks in an economic and sustainable way while meeting customers' rising expectation of supply quality and reliability is one of the basic requirements of Smart Grid development in China. It is a matter of urgency to investigate how to develop and adapt the current distribution network using Smart Grid interventions in order to facilitate timely connection of low carbon and sustainable technologies in a cost-effective manner. This is a global challenge faced by UK, China and many other countries.Our consortium brings together leading researchers from the UK and China to jointly investigate the integrated operation and planning for smart distribution networks to address two key research challenges:(1) Conventional network operational and planning approaches do not address the emerging opportunities offered by increased measurement and control and do not deal with the inevitable uncertainties of smart distribution networks.(2) A general understanding of how national or regional electricity distribution infrastructure should be developed and operated using Smart Grid interventions is required urgently by those making policy within Distribution companies and in Government/Regulators. Such an understanding cannot be gained from running conventional power system analysis tools and then manually assessing the results.New techniques and approaches will be investigated to address these important questions(1) Distribution state estimation and probabilistic predictive control approaches will be used to determine the location and control policies of smart grid interventions including Soft Open Points and electronic embedded hybrid on-load tap changers.(2) Novel dynamic pricing techniques will be proposed to resolve conflicts between energy markets and network operation and find synergies where these exist.(3) A very fast network assessment tool and a rolling planning tool that will bridge the gap between planning and operation will be developed.(4) New visualisation and reporting techniques will be developed to give network planners, operators as well policy makers clear insights as to how Smart Grid interventions can be used most effectively. Complementary, cross-country expertise will allow us to undertake the challenging research with substantially reduced cost, time and effort. The research will build upon the long-time well established collaborations between partner institutions of the two countries. Our ambition is to provide a strategic direction for the future of smart electricity distribution networks in the 2030-2050 time frame and deliver methodologies and technologies of alternative network operation and planning strategies in order to facilitate a cost effective evolution to a low carbon future.