DISTRESS CUES DURING FEEDING OF CARDIAC INFANTS

这项观察性研究的目的是描述遇险线索， 先天性心脏病婴儿喂养时心率变化 (CHD)并将其与一组健康对照婴儿进行比较。 婴幼儿 CHD通常具有归因于CHD的身体生长模式， 与健康的婴儿不同。 本研究将描述 在喂食过程中， 小于4个月大的婴儿， 左向右分流的缺陷。 异常频繁的有效阴性 这些暗示可能导致这些婴儿的生长模式改变。 将对20对母婴（10例CHD，10例对照）进行录像 在喂食的情况下。 婴儿将被连接到心脏 带有心率和呼吸率数字读数的监护仪。 使用两 摄像机、母婴图像、心率和呼吸率 将被记录在3/4”录像带上。 这将允许检查 在强烈的痛苦信号出现之前心率会发生变化。 期间的相互作用 喂养也将使用哺乳儿童评估喂养进行评估 比例（NCAFS）。 NCAFS将允许与一个大型队列进行比较， 同龄的健康婴儿。 本研究所产生的知识将有助于护理人员， 医生，婴儿心理健康专家和其他处理 婴儿CHD 患有CHD的婴儿可能会在喂养过程中出现行为 这与健康的婴儿不同。 提示的存在， 与健康婴儿的提示不同， 受损的生长模式，以前被完全归因于只有 心脏缺陷的病理生理学，不包括婴儿的行为。 本研究结果将为今后的研究提供方向， 他们将指导照顾者教父母更好地阅读他们的 婴儿在喂养过程中的暗示，导致更规范的生长模式。 重复测量方差分析将用于检查心脏 在求救信号前的心率变化 简单相关和描述 在适当情况下，将使用统计数据。

The purpose of this observational study is to describe distress cues and heart rate changes during feeding of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and compare them to a group of healthy control infants. Infants with CHD frequently have patterns of physical growth attributed to the CHD which are different from healthy infants. This study will describe the presence of potent negative distress cues and heart rate changes during feeding in infants who are less than 4 months old with significant ventral septal defects with left to right shunting. Unusually frequent potent negative cues may be contributing to the altered growth pattern in these infants. Twenty mother-infant dyads (10 with CHD, 10 controls) will be videotaped during a feeding situation. The infant will be attached to a cardiac monitor with a digital readout of heart and respiratory rate. Using two cameras, the image of the mother-infant and the heart and respiratory rates will be recorded on 3/4" videotape. This will allow the examination of heart rate changes prior to potent distress cues. The interaction during feeding will also be evaluated using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NCAFS). The NCAFS will allow comparison to a large cohort of healthy infants of the same age. The knowledge generated from this study will be helpful to nurses, physicians, infant mental health specialists and others dealing with infants with CHD. Infants with CHD may present behaviors during feeding which are different from healthy infants. The presence of cueing which is different from cueing found in healthy infants may be contributing to the impaired growth patterns which have previously been attributed totally only to the pathophysiology of the heart defect exclusive of infant behavior. The results of this study will provide directions for future research and they will guide caregivers in teaching parents to better read their infant's cues during feeding, resulting in more normative growth patterns. Repeated measures of analysis of variance will be used to examine heart rate changes preceding distress cues. Simple correlated and descriptive statistics will be used where appropriate.