NON-STANDARD MODELS FOR STUDY OF COGNITIVE ERPS

我们将继续研究非哺乳动物物种以寻找证据 刺激范式下的事件相关电位 在人类中引起认知事件(思想)和波动。精选物种 将用许多长期放置的记录式半微电极进行测试 在大脑上或在大脑中。刺激情况包括：(I)在 单调序列，(Ii)在这种情况下的低概率的“古怪”刺激 系列，包括具有行为学意义的系列，(三) 与前述内容重叠的“不匹配”刺激，(四)加强 条件负变异(CNV)和判别分析的范式 P300类波浪，(V)适用于有利物种，根据它们的 行为学，预期序列的不协调终止，如鸟 通话与正常情况略有不同。 对于发现的每个波，要检查的变量是 (A)各种刺激条件下的形式、极性和时间进程， (B)随着刺激的重复和时间而发生的动态变化 模式，(C)大脑各部分的分布，包括皮质下 和脑干水平和视网膜，(D)在门和门之间的分布 动物的一类，尤其包括棘鳍类、硬骨鱼和 爬行动物，但也包括头足类和鸟类，(E)行为和大脑 选择变量来估计波浪对其的敏感程度 状态的变化(内源性)。 发现、验证和表征低等生物中的模式物种 动物被认为是评估行为的必要前提 事件相关电位的认知意义以及对低等物种未来使用的影响 用于分析这些波的生理学、解剖学和药理学。

We will continue to examine nonmammalian species for evidence of Event Related Potentials (ERPs) under the paradigms of stimulation that cause cognitive events (thoughts) and waves in humans. Selected species will be tested with many recording semimicroelectrodes chronically placed on or in the brain. Stimulus situations include (i) omitted stimuli in a monotonous series, (ii) "oddball' stimuli of low probability in such a series, including ethologically significant ones, (iii) "mismatch" stimuli, overlapping with the foregoing, (iv) reinforced paradigms used for Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and discriminant P300-like waves, and (v) for favorable species, tailored to their ethology, incongruous termination of an expected sequence such as bird calls slightly altered from the normal. The variables to be examined, for each of the waves discovered are (a) the form, polarity and time course under various stimulus conditions, (b) alterations in dynamics with stimulus repetition and temporal pattern, (c) distribution among parts of the brain, including subcortical and brainstem levels and the retina, (d) distribution among phyla and classes of animals, including especially elasmobranchs, teleost fish and reptiles, but also cephalopods and birds, (e) behavioral and brain variables chosen to estimate the degree to which waves are sensitive to changes in state (endogenic). Finding, validating and characterizing model species among lower animals is regarded as a necessary antecedent to assessing the behavioral and cognitive significance of ERPs and to the future use of lower species for analytical physiology, anatomy and pharmacology of these waves.