CNS CCK IN APPETITIVE AND CONSUMMATORY FOOD MOTIVATION

拟议研究的目的是确定行为 八肽胆囊收缩素作用的生物学基础 （CCK-8）对大鼠对食物的反应。 行为基础将 可以用食欲和完成性来研究 动机行为的测量。 食欲的衡量标准是 在一米长的跑道上， 可以忽略摄入后的影响。 圆满的 衡量标准是在一小时摄入量测试中摄入的食物量 在动物的笼子里。 完善措施得于 CCK的饱腹效应和食欲测量 CCK对味觉反应性味觉奖赏的影响，以及 食品的激励价值。 生物学基础将通过我们以前的研究进行调查。 发现外源性CCK既具有外周（腹膜内）作用， 或i. p.）和中枢（脑室内或ICV）效应 食物的营养价值（1） 为了探索这些影响 此外，预喂养将与外周或中央喂养相结合， CCK管理，测试的假设，有效的 每种给药途径中的剂量将通过预喂食降低 第二种假设是阈下腹腔注射和ICV CCK剂量 将是相加的，因此当一起给予时是有效的。 为了探索神经底物，ICV注射的位点将是 从前脑室（第三脑室和侧脑室）到 第四脑室 此外，大脑中的特定部位将 通过损伤这些部位和直接注射 CCK或CCK阻断剂丙谷胺，以确定 是否有中枢（以及适当时的外周）效应， CCK可增强或减弱。 在研究饱腹感 CCK的影响，将使用食物剥夺大鼠，并将 探索将包括最后区（AP）和 室旁核（PVN）。 在研究胆囊收缩素的作用时， 对味觉奖赏和激励有效性的影响， 将用于研究边缘味觉通路中的位点， 包括孤束核的吻侧区 （吻侧NTS），脑桥味觉的臂旁核（PBN） 区域，外侧下丘脑（LH）和中央核 杏仁核（Amygdala，CNA） 通过阐明CCK对食欲和食欲的影响， 我们将在食物动机的完善方面 为激励理论做出了贡献，也获得了更好的 对行为和生物过程的理解， 在饮食失调症中走偏。

The purpose of the proposed studies is to determine the behavioral and biological bases of the effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on the rat's responses to food. The behavioral basis will be investigated by using appetitive as well as consummatory measures of motivated behavior. The appetitive measure is the running speed to very small food rewards in a meter-long runway, where postingestional effects are negligible. The consummatory measure is the amount of food ingested in a one-hour intake test in the animal's home cage. The consummatory measure gets at the satiety effects of CCK and the appetitive measure at the effects of CCK on taste-responsiveness taste reward, and the incentive value of foods. The biological basis will be investigated by pursuing our previous findings that exogenous CCK has both peripheral (intraperitoneal or i.p.) and central (intracerebroventricular or ICV) effects on satiation and on food rewards (1,2). To explore these effects further, prefeeding will be combined with peripheral or central CCK administration, testing the hypothesis that the effective dose in each route of administration will be lowered by prefeeding and a second hypothesis that subthreshold i.p. and ICV CCK doses will be additive and thus effective when given together. To explore the neural substrate, the locus of ICV injection will be varied from the anterior ventricles (third and lateral) to the fourth ventricle. In addition, specific sites in the brain will be investigated by lesioning those sites and by direct injection of CCK or the CCK-blocker, proglumide, in order to determine whether central (and where appropriate, peripheral) effects of CCK may be enhanced or diminished. In the study of the satiating effect of CCK, food-deprived rats will be used and the sites to be explored will include the area postrema (AP) and the paraventricular nuclei (PVN). In the study of the effects of CCK on taste reward and incentive effectiveness, food-satiated rats will be used to investigate sites in the limbic taste pathway, including the rostral region of the nucleus of the solitary tract (rostral NTS), the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) in the pontine taste area, the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA). By elucidating CCK's effects on both appetitive and consummatory aspects of the motivation toward food we will contribute to the theory of motivation, and also gain a better understanding of the behavioral and biological processes that go awry in the eating disorders.