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Radio and sound waves to image cancer treatment

无线电和声波对癌症治疗进行成像

基本信息

批准号：
EP/K02020X/1
负责人：
Robin Cleveland
金额：
$ 124.61万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK02020X%2F1
关键词：
Radio sound waves image cancer

项目摘要

This proposal aims to take a novel imaging technique that has been developed in the Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering laboratories at the University of Oxford and turn it into a system that can be used to image the body. The novel imaging technique is referred to as electromagnetic acoustics (EMA) and it works by sending ultrasound waves and radio waves into the body. The interaction of the ultrasound and radio waves depends strongly on the properties of the tissue and by detecting the scattered radio waves the tissue properties can be assessed with a resolution of about 1 mm. The EMA information will be generated by simply mounting a metal coil around a standard diagnostic ultrasound probe and through appropriate processing of the radio waves from the coil an EMA image can be created that can be mapped onto the standard ultrasound image. The EMA image will provide magnetic resonance (MR)-like information but at much lower cost than conventional MR imaging. The ultrasound and RF waves have minimal inherent risks and so there will be no concerns with radiation dose as occurs with x-ray imaging. In this proposal we will look at two particular applications one is monitoring the treatment of cancer tumours and the second is to detect breast cancer.The cancer application is aimed at minimally invasive surgery of tumours which is very attractive because it is easier on the patient than open surgery. The therapy we will consider is when either heat or cold are used to destroy cancerous tissue in place which means the tissue doesn't need to be physically removed as the body natural absorbs it. One disadvantage of this approach is that the surgeon can often not directly see what tissue is being destroyed and what is being spared. Standard imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, MR and x-ray, are not very good up picking up the changes. EMA should be very sensitive to the changes as both the stiffness and dielectric properties change when the tissue is destroyed. We will work with doctors at the Cancer Centre at the Churchill Hospital in Oxford to determine how well EMA works on detecting tissue that has been destroyed by their clinical devices. If this is successful it will allow for them to treat far more cancerous tumours with minimally invasive surgery then they can do at present.In the breast cancer diagnosis the aim is to have EMA be used alongside other ultrasound based methods for determining whether breast tissue is cancerous. At present ultrasound methods are good at detecting suspicious regions of tissue in the breast but to confirm that the tissue is cancerous a biopsy needs to be done. Unfortunately ultrasound is not so good at distinguishing between benign and cancerous tissue and about 80% of biopsies shown no sign of cancer. We will use EMA to image patients who will undergo biopsies. We expect that the EMA signal will be stronger for cancerous tissue and if confirmed by this study then EMA could be used reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. If EMA is successful in these two applications then we will expand it to other areas. For example, we would explore its capability to detect other cancer tumours, e.g., in the prostate, pancreas, liver and kidney. It could also detect other diseases that result in changes in stiffness or dielectric properties, such as hardened arteries. We would also explore its ability to track changes in tissue associated with other treatments for cancer, such as, radiation or chemotherapy, as we anticipate that dielectric and stiffness properties will change during treatment.

该提案旨在采用牛津大学电气工程和生物医学工程实验室开发的新型成像技术，并将其转化为可用于对身体进行成像的系统。这种新的成像技术被称为电磁声学（EMA），它通过向人体发送超声波和无线电波来工作。超声波和无线电波的相互作用在很大程度上取决于组织的特性，并且通过检测散射的无线电波，可以以约1 mm的分辨率评估组织特性。EMA信息将通过简单地在标准诊断超声探头周围安装金属线圈来生成，并且通过对来自线圈的无线电波进行适当处理，可以创建可以映射的EMA图像到标准超声图像上。EMA图像将提供类似磁共振（MR）的信息，但成本比传统的MR成像低得多。超声波和RF波具有最小的固有风险，因此不会像X射线成像那样存在辐射剂量问题。在本提案中，我们将研究两个特定的应用，一个是监测癌症肿瘤的治疗，另一个是检测乳腺癌。癌症应用的目标是肿瘤的微创手术，这是非常有吸引力的，因为它比开放手术对患者更容易。我们将考虑的治疗方法是使用热或冷来破坏原位癌组织，这意味着组织不需要物理切除，因为身体会自然吸收它。这种方法的一个缺点是外科医生通常无法直接看到哪些组织被破坏，哪些组织被保留。标准的成像技术，如超声波、MR和X射线，并不能很好地捕捉到这些变化。EMA应该对这些变化非常敏感，因为当组织被破坏时，刚度和介电特性都会发生变化。我们将与牛津大学丘吉尔医院癌症中心的医生合作，确定EMA在检测被其临床设备破坏的组织方面的效果如何。如果这是成功的，它将允许他们治疗更多的癌症肿瘤与微创手术，然后他们可以做目前。在乳腺癌诊断的目的是有EMA一起使用其他超声为基础的方法来确定是否乳腺组织是癌。目前，超声波方法在检测乳腺组织的可疑区域方面很好，但要确认组织是癌性的，需要进行活检。不幸的是，超声波在区分良性和癌性组织方面并不那么好，大约80%的活组织检查没有显示出癌症的迹象。我们将使用EMA对将接受活检的患者进行成像。我们预计EMA信号对于癌组织将更强，如果通过本研究证实，则EMA可用于减少不必要的活检次数。如果EMA在这两个应用中取得成功，那么我们将把它扩展到其他领域。例如，我们将探索其检测其他癌症肿瘤的能力，前列腺胰腺肝脏和肾脏它还可以检测导致硬度或介电特性变化的其他疾病，例如动脉硬化。我们还将探索其跟踪与其他癌症治疗（如放疗或化疗）相关的组织变化的能力，因为我们预计介电和刚度特性将在治疗期间发生变化。