SOCIAL PHOBIA & DYSTHYMIA--A MULTIDIMENSIONAL COMPARISON

社交恐惧症

• 批准号: 3429983
• 负责人: DEBRA A. HOPE
• 金额: $ 6.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-03-01 至 1994-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3429983
• 关键词: anxiety; attention; clinical depression; dyadic interaction; human subject; interview; memory; phobias; psychological tests; questionnaires; self concept; video recording system

Accumulating evidence that anxiety and depression may be less distinct than previously thought has resulted in increased interest in the relationship between the two syndromes. Furthermore, comorbid presentations of anxiety and depression are particularly resistant to psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. Unfortunately our knowledge of the relationship between the two has been limited by a number of factors including a paucity of studies offering direct comparisons in clinical samples. a;so, despite the well-recognized heterogeneity of both anxiety and depression, most studies have employed samples of mixed anxiety and depressive disorders. In light of these difficulties, the proposed study will examine the interpersonal and cognitive functioning of clinically severe socially phobic and dysthymic individuals. Theoretical accounts and research evidence suggests these two disorders may have many common aspects despite distinct clinical presentations. For example, similar interpersonal and cognitive deficits are often the focus of interventions for the two disorders and are thought to be central in their etiology and maintenance. However, despite this similarity, few studies have compared the two groups. Furthermore, research suggests distinguishable subtypes of social phobia exist but little is known about how the subtypes differ from one another or from depressive disorders. This study will compare chronically depressed (dysthymic), social phobic (generalized and nongeneralized subtypes), and normal control subjects on cognitive, behavioral, physiological and self-report measures. Following a careful diagnostic screening, subjects will complete a battery of self-report measures of anxiety, depression and general psychopathology, participate in three brief roleplays (two interactions and a public speaking task) and complete two information processing tasks (a memory and an attention task). It is hypothesized that dysthymics' verbal and nonverbal behavior during the roleplays will be characterized by help-seeking and a negative affective tone, in contrast to generalized social phobics who are expected to adopt submissive, acquiescent strategies. Dysthymics are expected to devote excessive cognitive resources to processing negative information about themselves and to be overly concerned with failing to achieve their own internal standards of success. Social phobics, in contrast, are expected to demonstrate attentional and memory biases for information related to how others are evaluating them. Only nongeneralized social phobics are expected to experience excessive physiological arousal when public speaking. Results from the proposed study should increase our understanding of the cognitive and interpersonal aspects of both social phobia and dysthymia by identifying which aspects may be unique to the particular disorder (or to an anxiety versus a mood disorder) and which may be common to emotional disorders in general. Such information may suggest potential etiological variables which could be explored in future research. Also, these findings will be useful in refining psychosocial treatments for the two disorders and in the development of a treatment strategy for those who experience both social phobia and depression. The detailed examination of interpersonal behavior and cognitive functioning will be particularly useful for improving social skills and cognitive treatments, respectively.

越来越多的证据表明焦虑和抑郁可能是 不像之前认为的那么明显，导致了 对这两个证候之间的关系感兴趣。 此外，焦虑和抑郁的共病表现是 尤其是对心理社会和药物的抵抗力 干预措施。不幸的是，我们对这段关系的了解 两者之间的关系受到一些因素的限制，包括 在临床上提供直接比较的研究很少 样本。因此，尽管这两者的异质性是公认的 焦虑和抑郁，大多数研究都采用了 混合型焦虑症和抑郁症。 鉴于这些困难，拟议的研究将 检查临床患者的人际关系和认知功能 严重的社交恐惧症和心境恶劣的人。理论上的 帐户和研究证据表明，这两种疾病可能 有许多共同的方面，尽管有不同的临床表现。 例如，类似的人际关系和认知缺陷是 通常是针对这两种疾病的干预重点，并 被认为是它们的病因和维护的中心。 然而，尽管有这种相似性，但很少有研究将 两组。此外，研究表明， 社交恐惧症的亚型是存在的，但人们对这种恐惧症的 亚型彼此不同，或与抑郁障碍不同。 这项研究将比较慢性抑郁(恶劣心境)， 社交恐惧症(泛化和非泛化亚型)，以及 正常对照受试者的认知、行为、生理 和自我报告措施。在经过仔细的诊断后 筛选，受试者将完成一系列自我报告 焦虑、抑郁和一般精神病理学的测量， 参与三个简短的角色扮演(两个互动和一个 公开演讲任务)，并完成两个信息处理 任务(记忆和注意力任务)。据推测， 恶心者在角色扮演中的言语和非言语行为 会以求助和消极情绪为特征 语气，与普遍的社交恐惧症形成对比 采取顺从、默许的策略。胸腺功能障碍症是 预计会将过多的认知资源投入到加工中 对自己的负面信息和过度担忧 没有达到他们自己的成功的内部标准。 相比之下，社交恐惧症患者预计会表现出 注意和记忆对信息的偏向 其他人正在对它们进行评估。只有非泛化的社交恐惧症患者 预计在以下情况下会经历过度的生理唤醒 公开演讲。 拟议研究的结果应该会增加我们的 对双方认知和人际关系方面的理解 通过确定哪些方面可能是社交恐惧症和恶劣心境 这种疾病是独一无二的(或焦虑与情绪 精神障碍)，这可能是常见的情绪障碍在 将军。这样的信息可能暗示潜在的病因。 可以在未来的研究中探索的变量。另外， 这些发现将有助于完善心理社会治疗。 对这两种疾病的治疗和治疗的发展 针对同时经历社交恐惧症和 抑郁症。对人际行为的详细考察 认知功能将特别有助于 分别提高社交技能和认知治疗。