Advanced Measurement, Modelling and Utilisation of Bouncing and Jumping Loading Induced by Groups and Crowds

团体和人群引起的弹跳和跳跃负载的高级测量、建模和利用

• 批准号: EP/K036378/1
• 负责人: Vitomir Racic
• 金额: $ 12.6万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK036378%2F1
• 关键词: Advanced; Measurement; Modelling; Utilisation; Bouncing

Prediction of dynamic loads induced by groups or crowds of people remains one of the most significant problems faced by designers of vibration-sensitive structures such as footbridges, dance floors, grandstands and staircases. Structural engineers understand other key dynamic loads, such as seismic and wind, comparatively well due to decades of research leading to comprehensive and robust guidance, but understanding of dynamic loads due to multiple active people lags by several decades. The lack of understanding and resulting inadequate guidance not only leads to economic costs and unnecessary carbon emission but also results in safety concerns related to crowd panic due to unexpected and unfamiliar structural motion induced by occupants. Moreover, design mistakes of highly visible landmark structures, such as sport stadia and footbridges in urban environments, attract significant publicity (e.g. London Millennium Bridge and Cardiff Millennium Stadium) and a bad reputation for their designers and the construction industry. The aim of this project is to improve the fundamental understanding of group and crowd loading due to bouncing and jumping. This will be addressed through the following three developments:1. Establishing a unique database of bouncing and jumping loads generated by groups of various sizes. The project aims to address this challenge by a novel experimental approach which combines laboratory and field studies of directly measured loads and tracking motion of each group member. This requires a cross-disciplinary approach, with deep understanding of motion tracking, computing and a comprehensive range of hardware.2. Developing a new generation of data-driven, statistically reliable and practicable models which can predict reliably the effect of jumping and bouncing groups and crowds on civil structures. As vibration serviceability criteria governs modern design, a key goal of the project is to provide analytical tools for a time efficient probability based vibration serviceability assessment of a structure at the design stage. Such tools will help to achieve a perfect balance between dynamic performance, associated risk and uncertainty, aesthetics, cost and carbon footprint of a future structure. 3. Providing a solid platform for development of scientifically rational design guidance for vibration serviceability assessment of structures under jumping and bouncing crowd excitation, which is not overly conservative as a result of uncertainties in the loading. The latest design guidance on crowd dynamic loading of grandstands was published in 2008, so the timing of the project is perfect. The UK leads internationally in design for vibration serviceability with growing international acceptance of UK-originated guidance and the ultimate aim of the project is to maintain this leadership. Results will impact not only understanding of how active people affect dynamic performance of structures but will also benefit the wider communities where human periodic activities are important, such as psychology of mass behaviour and public safety.

预测人群或人群引起的动态荷载仍然是人行桥、舞池、看台和楼梯等振动敏感结构设计者面临的最重要的问题之一。结构工程师对地震和风等其他关键动态荷载的了解相对较好，因为几十年的研究导致了全面和可靠的指导，但对多个活跃人员造成的动态荷载的了解滞后了几十年。缺乏了解和指导不足不仅会导致经济成本和不必要的碳排放，还会导致与人群恐慌相关的安全问题，这些恐慌是由于居住者引起的意外和陌生的结构运动造成的。此外，高度可见的标志性建筑，如城市环境中的体育场馆和人行天桥，其设计错误会招致重大宣传(例如伦敦千禧大桥和加的夫千禧体育场)，并给其设计师和建筑业带来坏名声。本项目的目的是提高对由于弹跳和跳跃而产生的群体和人群负荷的基本理解。将通过以下三项发展来解决这一问题：1.建立一个独特的数据库，记录不同大小群体产生的弹跳和跳跃负荷。该项目旨在通过一种新的实验方法来应对这一挑战，该方法结合了实验室和现场对直接测量的载荷的研究，并跟踪每个小组成员的运动。这需要跨学科的方法，对运动跟踪、计算和全面的硬件有深刻的了解。开发新一代数据驱动、统计可靠和实用的模型，能够可靠地预测跳跃和弹跳的群体和人群对土木结构的影响。由于振动使用性能标准支配着现代设计，因此该项目的一个关键目标是在设计阶段为基于概率的结构振动使用性能评估提供分析工具。这些工具将有助于在动态性能、相关风险和不确定性、美学、成本和未来结构的碳足迹之间实现完美平衡。3.为制定科学合理的结构在跳跃和弹跳人群激励下的振动使用性能评估指南提供了坚实的平台，该指南不会因加载的不确定性而过于保守。最新的主看台人群动态荷载设计指南于2008年发布，因此项目的时机是完美的。英国在振动适用性设计方面处于国际领先地位，国际上越来越多地接受来自英国的指导意见，该项目的最终目标是保持这一领先地位。结果将不仅影响对活跃的人如何影响结构动态性能的理解，还将使更广泛的社区受益，在这些社区中，人类的周期性活动是重要的，如群众行为心理学和公共安全。

项目成果

Acceleration response spectrum for predicting floor vibration due to occupants jumping

• DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.013
• 发表时间: 2016-04
• 期刊: Engineering Structures
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Jun Chen;Guo Li;V. Racic

Acceleration response spectrum for prediction of structural vibration due to individual bouncing

用于预测个体弹跳引起的结构振动的加速度响应谱

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.02.032
• 发表时间: 2016-08
• 期刊: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
• 影响因子: 8.4
• 作者: Chen Jun;Wang Lei;Racic Vitomir;Lou Jiayue
• 通讯作者: Lou Jiayue

Vision-based tracking of human body motion

基于视觉的人体运动跟踪

• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 3-6 February, Orlando, Florida, USA.
• 作者: Zheng F.

A model of synchronisation in crowd dynamics

• DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2018.02.001
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Applied Mathematical Modelling
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: F. Gazzola;V. Racic

A data-driven wavelet-based approach for generating jumping loads

一种用于生成跳跃载荷的数据驱动的基于小波的方法

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.12.013
• 发表时间: 2018-06
• 期刊: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
• 影响因子: 8.4
• 作者: Chen Jun;Li Guo;Racic Vitomir
• 通讯作者: Racic Vitomir