Experimental and numerical investigation of pluvial flood flows and pollutant transport at and between system interface points

系统界面点和系统界面点之间的洪水流量和污染物输送的实验和数值研究

• 批准号: EP/K040405/1
• 负责人: James Shucksmith
• 金额: $ 67.84万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK040405%2F1
• 关键词: Experimental; numerical; investigation; pluvial; flood

The 2007 flood events in the UK were estimated to have had an economic cost of £3.2billion and resulted in 13 deaths. The frequency and magnitude of flood events has been forecast to increase due to the impacts of climate change, urbanisation and the deterioration of wastewater infrastructure. In the last summer period alone Newcastle, Manchester, Belfast and many other UK towns and cities have experienced significant pluvial flooding events. To mitigate these effects urban flooding hydraulic models have been developed which characterise the flow in the sewer system, overland flow in the urban catchment, and the exchange of flow between these systems so as to identify those areas which are most at risk of flooding. Such models are used by local authorities and water companies to identify areas for flood mitigation work, such as prioritising investment to improve drainage infrastructure, taking measures to reduce storm water runoff and raising the awareness of residents. However the accuracy such models is inherently difficult to verify due to the difficultly of acquiring reliable data during flood events, e.g. it is not feasible to be sure that the modelled flow paths and velocities are accurately predicted at the time of the flood event. Similarly, but more complexly, it is not currently possible to quantify the transport of potentially dangerous faecal contaminants from the sewer networks to residential areas in flood events, and hence to assess the risk to health of flood waters. Previous sampling of flood waters has shown that this health risk may be significant. The behaviour of interaction points (e.g. manholes) is critical to the transfer of such flow and pollution between sewer and surface, but the hydraulic behaviour at such interfaces is especially difficult to quantify due to the complex nature of the flow. This proposal seeks to better understand these interactive processes within a unique scale model facility at the University of Sheffield that combines the flow in a below ground sewer system with the shallow water surface flows over the catchment, linked by a number of manholes. The overall aim of the research is to improve the verification process of urban flood models, to provide detailed measurements and a more accurate understanding of the hydraulic characteristics of interaction points, to quantify surface flow paths and to advance the modelling capability to the spread of pollutants from sewer systems within the surface flow. The outcome will be a significantly enhanced modelling capability for urban flood flows and a much improved understanding of flood risk in urban areas. This will be achieved by a detailed programme of experimental testing using the facility at Sheffield, coupled with state of the art modelling work to calibrate, improve and verify urban flood models. The proposal enjoys the support and engagement of leading developers of urban flood models in the UK (Innovyze, Microdrainage), as well as consultants, water companies and a local authority. This partnership will ensure that the research findings are incorporated into the latest modelling approaches and are utilised to improve flood risk evaluation in the UK.As well as advancing existing models that predict flood extent and depth, it is seen as important and ambitious to extend models to predict of mass transport, which will enable quality and potential health implications of flooding to be better established. In addition, to develop these aspects further, there is also significant value in extending the work proposed to include characterising the transport of sediments from sewers to surface flow in flood conditions. This would be of scientific and practical value as contaminants that pose a significant health risk are often attached to sewer sediments. The department has therefore agreed to provide scholarship which will use the facility to study the transport of sediments, further expanding the value of the proposed work.

据估计，2007年英国的洪水造成了32亿英镑的经济损失，并导致13人死亡。由于气候变化、城市化和废水基础设施恶化的影响，预计洪水事件的频率和规模将增加。仅在去年夏天，纽卡斯尔、曼彻斯特、贝尔法斯特和许多其他英国城镇都经历了严重的洪水泛滥事件。为了减轻这些影响，城市洪水水力模型已经开发出，该模型模拟了下水道系统中的流量，城市集水区的地表流量以及这些系统之间的流量交换，以确定最有洪水风险的地区。地方当局和水务公司使用这些模型来确定防洪工作的领域，例如优先投资改善排水基础设施，采取措施减少雨水径流，提高居民的意识。然而，由于在洪水事件期间难以获取可靠的数据，这种模型的准确性本质上难以验证，例如，确保在洪水事件发生时准确预测建模的流动路径和速度是不可行的。同样，但更复杂的是，目前不可能量化洪水事件中潜在危险的粪便污染物从下水道网络到居民区的运输，因此无法评估洪水沃茨对健康的风险。以前对洪水沃茨的取样表明，这种健康风险可能很大。相互作用点（例如检修孔）的行为对于下水道和地面之间的这种流动和污染的转移至关重要，但是由于流动的复杂性质，这种界面处的水力行为特别难以量化。该提案旨在更好地了解这些互动过程中的一个独特的比例模型设施在谢菲尔德大学，结合在地下下水道系统的流量与浅水表面流量的集水区，连接了一些沙井。研究的总体目标是改善城市洪水模型的验证过程，提供详细的测量和更准确地了解相互作用点的水力特性，量化表面流路径，并提高模拟能力，从污水系统的污染物在表面流的传播。其结果将是大大提高城市洪水流量的建模能力，并大大提高对城市地区洪水风险的认识。这将通过使用谢菲尔德的设施进行详细的实验测试方案来实现，再加上最先进的建模工作，以校准、改进和验证城市洪水模型。该提案得到了英国城市洪水模型领先开发商（Innovyze，Microdrainage）以及顾问，水务公司和地方当局的支持和参与。这种伙伴关系将确保研究成果被纳入最新的建模方法，并用于改善英国的洪水风险评估。除了推进预测洪水范围和深度的现有模型外，扩展模型来预测大众运输被视为重要和雄心勃勃的，这将使洪水的质量和潜在的健康影响得到更好的建立。此外，为了进一步发展这些方面，也有重要的价值，在扩大拟议的工作，包括在洪水条件下的沉积物从下水道表面流的运输特性。这将具有科学和实用价值，因为构成重大健康风险的污染物通常附着在下水道沉积物上。因此，该部门已同意提供奖学金，将使用该设施研究沉积物的运输，进一步扩大拟议工作的价值。

项目成果

Shallow-Flow Velocity Predictions Using Discontinuous Galerkin Solutions

使用不连续伽辽金解进行浅流速度预测

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Georges Kesserwani

On the Characteristics of Velocities Fields in the Vicinity of Manhole Inlet Grates During Flood Events

• DOI: 10.1029/2018wr022782
• 发表时间: 2018-09
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: R. Martins;M. Rubinato;G. Kesserwani;J. Leandro;S. Djordjević;J. Shucksmith

A comparative study of manhole hydraulics using stereoscopic PIV and different RANS models.

• DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.089
• 发表时间: 2018-04
• 期刊: Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
• 作者: M. Beg;R. Carvalho;S. Tait;W. Brevis;M. Rubinato;A. Schellart;J. Leandro

CFD Modelling of the Transport of Soluble Pollutants from Sewer Networks to Surface Flows during Urban Flood Events

• DOI: 10.3390/w12092514
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Water
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: M. Beg;M. Rubinato;R. Carvalho;J. Shucksmith

Quantifying flood model accuracy under varying surface complexities

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129511
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrology
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: W. Addison‐Atkinson;A.S. Chen;M. Rubinato;F. Memon;J. Shucksmith