CHARACTERIZATION OF INORGANIC MINERAL PHASES IN BONE

拟议的研究将确定、本地化和描述 矿体初始和后续矿物相的微观化学成分 利用骨发育模型制作脊椎动物骨组织切片 在幼年大鼠、雏鸟和小鼠身上。本研究将采用冷冻标本。 制备和1.2兆伏特下的电子显微衍射。这些是 骨组织研究中的全新和重要的方法，他们 将最大限度地减少或消除由化学物质引起的样品中的伪影 固定、染色和电子束辐射损伤 标本处理和分析。这项研究应该提供 关于存在磷酸钙矿物相的信息 例如刷石、磷酸八钙和/或磷酸三钙，其 在骨组织中已经被发现，除了已经建立的 羟基磷灰石。这些数据将在确定 骨中矿物形成的物理化学及其可能的相互关系 在推测的前驱物相和羟基磷灰石之间。本地化和地方化 第二相与有机胞外的分布 将检查基质成分、细胞和细胞超微结构，并 应提供与生理发育有关的新信息 骨组织作为一个整体。使用这些技术汇编的数据将是 在结构和物理化学的基础上进行对比和关联 通过使用水中固定和常规技术获得的数据 组织样本的染色。 这些技术的组合代表了最强大的工具 目前可用，并应产生最深入的知识 迄今获得的无机物成分。这些信息将会 是了解骨骼正常功能的关键 组织，并最终开发概念和潜在的解决方案 骨组织病理学。此外，与其他正在进行的 在这个实验室中研究在生理发育中的作用 钙化组织的有机成分，如胶原蛋白和 例如，非胶原性胞外蛋白，这一新信息 可以更好地理解角色和角色之间的关系 骨骼和脊椎动物中的无机沉积和有机组织成分 一般而言，矿化组织。

The proposed study will identify, localize and characterize the micro-chemical composition of the initial and subsequent mineral phases in sections of vertebrate bone tissues utilizing the models of developing bone in young rats, chicks, and mice. The research will apply cryo-specimen preparation and electron microdiffraction at 1.2 mega-volts. These are completely new and vital approaches in the study of bone tissues and they will minimize or eliminate artifacts induced in the samples by chemical fixation, staining and electron beam radiation damage incurred during specimen treatment and analysis, respectively. The study should provide information concerning the presence of calcium phosphate mineral phases such as brushite, octacalcium phosphate and/or tricalcium phosphate which have been suggested in bone tissue in addition to the well established hydroxyapatite. The data will be very important in determining the physical chemistry of mineral formation in bone and possible interrelations between putative precursor phases and hydroxyapatite. The localization and distribution of secondary phases in relation to organic extracellular matrix components, cells and cellular ultrastructure will be examined and should provide new information related to the physiological development of bone tissue as a whole. The data compiled using these techniques will be compared and correlated on the basis of structure and physical chemical data obtained by conventional techniques using aqueous fixation and staining of tissue samples. The combination of these techniques represents the most powerful tools available today and should yield the most intimate knowledge of the inorganic constituents of heretofore obtained. The informations that will be obtained are a key to understanding the normal functioning of bone tissue and ultimately to developing concepts and potential solutions to bone tissue pathologies. In addition, in conjunction with other ongoing research in this laboratory examining the role in physiological development of organic components of calcified tissues such as collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular proteins, for example, this new information can provide a better understanding of the role and relationship between inorganic deposits and organic tissue components in bone and vertebrate mineralizing tissues in general.