CHARACTERIZATION OF INORGANIC BONE MINERAL PHASES

拟议的研究将确定微量化学成分 在正常剖面中的初始和后续矿物相 和维生素D缺乏的骨软化骨组织。此外, 为了确定时间关系，本研究将使用HIGH 电压电子体视显微镜与计算机的结合 图形重建以获得三维位置 矿物质对组织超微结构的影响。 虽然羟基磷灰石的存在已经得到了很好的证实， 次生磷酸钙矿物就不是这样了 钙磷比较低的相，如刷石， 磷酸八钙和磷酸三钙(存在于 牙齿中一些与病理相关的钙化)。不是 目前还没有关于患病骨组织的调查报告。 涉及因缺乏而导致的矿化不足 钙和/或磷酸盐水平。 这些次生钙磷酸盐相遗传程度较高。 溶解度和溶解速率均高于羟基磷灰石相。 因此，确定代谢过程中这些阶段的存在 骨骼疾病，如骨软化症，或其他涉及 类骨质中矿物质含量不足，不仅在 了解骨中矿物质形成的物理化学 也致力于开发骨骼的概念和潜在的解决方案 组织病理学。 为了消除化学固定和染色，我们将 标本制备采用超冷冻显微切割法。 为了最大限度地提高仪器对小分子物质的检测灵敏度 无机成分的量，高压电子 将采用微衍射技术。高电压 电子显微镜配备了一个环境室 它允许检查组织的自然状态，在 他们未冷冻的水合状态。此外，高电压 体视显微镜与计算机三维重建 将被用来获取结构信息，从而获得空间 并将确定时间序列。这些是最多的 获取最完整和最贴心的UpToDate方法 迄今为止对骨组织无机成分的认识 获得。

The proposed study will identify the microchemical composition of the initial and subsequent mineral phases in sections of normal and vitamin Ddeficient osteomalacic bone tissues. in addition, to determine the temporal relationship, this study will use high voltage electron stereomicroscopy together with computer graphic reconstructions to obtain threedimensional locations of the minerals in respect to the tissue ultrastructure. While the presence of hydroxyapatite has been well established, the same is not true for secondary calcium phosphate mineral phases with lower calcium/phosphate ratios, such as brushite, octacalcium phosphatem, and tricalcium phosphate (which exist in some pathologicallyrelated calcification in teeth). No investigation has yet been reported on diseased bone tissues involving inadequate mineralizaiton resulting from deficient calcium and/or phosphate levels. These secondary calcium phosphate phases inherit higher solubility and dissolution rate than the hydroxypatite phase. Therefore, determining the presence of these phases in metabolic bone diseases, such as osteomalacia, or other diseases involving insufficient amount of minerals in osteoid, is critical in not only understanding the physicochemistry of mineral formation in bone but also to developing concepts and potential solutions to bone tissue pathologies. In order to eliminate chemical fixation and staining, we will employ the ultracryomicrotomy method for specimen preparation. To maximize instrumental sensitivity for the detection of small amounts of inorganic constitutents, high voltage electron microdiffraction techniques will be adapted. The high voltage electron microscope is equipped with an environmental chamber that allows the examination of the tissue in their natural state, in their unfrozen hydrated condition. In addition, high voltage stereomicroscopy and threedimensional computer reconstruction will be used to obtain the structural information, and thus, spatial and temporal sequence will be determined. These are the most uptodate methods for obtaining the most complete and intimate knowledge of the inorganic constituents of bone tissue heretofore obtained.