Manufacturing bespoke human organs; 3D printed nanocomposite trachea

由于普遍的人口老龄化、损伤、缺乏可供移植的器官以及传统人工植入物的局限性，器官衰竭和组织丢失正在挑战健康问题。外科手术对替换和修复软组织，如血管、支架、气管、皮肤，甚至整个器官，如膀胱、肾脏、心脏、面部器官等的需求迅速增长。对新的人工植入物的长期修复和显著改善的临床结果的高需求仍然存在。我们在有同情心的情况下使用组织工程学替换中空器官的广为人知的成功向世界表明，工程方法替换中空器官是可行的，除了强调需要更多工作才能为常规临床使用提供定制的人造组织支架的领域外，能够复制一个人身体的一个功能部分作为精确匹配的部分，从而能够像以前一样完好地替换它，这在科幻小说中是很常见的。大多数植入物都有与所用材料或传统制作方法相关的限制。随着添加剂制造技术、3D打印、生物材料和细胞生产的进步，打印人造器官正在成为一个科学和工程事实，可以理解的是，通过外科手术移植这种按需生产的打印器官可以拯救生命并提高生活质量，特别是为感兴趣的个人生产。该项目寻求通过利用我们在伦敦大学学院开发的专利聚合物纳米复合材料和先进的数字添加剂制造与外科实践来解决传统植入物中未得到满足的需求。我们的目标是开发一种用于聚合物纳米复合材料的3D先进数字生物打印系统，以按需制造新一代合成软组织器官，并根据患者的特殊需求进行定制。我们对基于纳米复合材料的器官进行了广泛的临床前和正在进行的临床前研究，将确保该构建物能够诱导血管生成并执行上皮功能。在这里，我们将这些经验在同情的情况下，并以气管为样本，开发了一种制作定制管状器官的方法，用于纳米复合材料的移植。这项建议将使我们能够开发：a)客户制造的3D生物打印机，具有多个打印头和一个环境室，可以打印带有种子细胞的‘活’软器官/支架，以满足个别患者的需求；b)一系列适合3D打印的聚合物纳米复合材料；c)用于打印细胞、蛋白质和生物分子的生物墨水配方。D)使用具有优化的生化、生物物理和机械性能的放射图像的印刷人工气管结构。E)通过观察将进行外科移植的猪模型的呼吸功能恢复和正常组织整合，建立体内可行性数据

Organ failure and tissue loss are challenging health issues due to widespread aging population, injury, the lack of organs for transplantation and limitations of conventional artificial implants. There is a fast growing need in surgery to replace and repair soft tissues such as blood vessels, stent, trachea, skin, or even entire organs, such as bladder, kidney, heart, facial organs etc. The high demand for new artificial implants for long-term repair and substantially improved clinical outcome still remains .Our well-publicised successes in using tissue-engineering to replace hollow organs in cases of compassionate need have shown the world that an engineering approach to hollow organ replacement is feasible, as well as serving to highlight those areas where more work is required to provide bespoke manufactured tissue scaffolds for routine clinical use Being able to replicate a functional part of one's body as an exact match and therefore to be able to replace it 'as good as before' is familiar in science fiction. Most implants will share limitations that are associated with either the materials used or the traditional way in which they have been made. With the advancement of additive manufacturing technology, 3D printing, biomaterials and cell production, printing an artificial organs is becoming a science and engineering fact and understandably can save lives and enhance quality of life through surgical transplantation of such printed organs produced on-demand, specifically for the individual of interest. The project seeks to addresses the unmet need in traditional implants by exploiting our proprietary polymer nanocomposites developed at UCL and advanced digital additive manufacturing with surgical practice. we aim to develop a 3D advanced digital bio-printing system for polymer nanocomposites in order to manufacture a new-generation of synthetic soft organs 'on-demand' and bespoke to the patient's particular needs. Our extensive preclinical and on-going preclinical study on the nanocomposite-based organs will ensure the construct is able to induce angiogenesis and to perform function of an epithelium. Here we take these experiences in the compassionate case, and take trachea as an exemplar to develop a manufacturing method of producing bespoke tubular organs for transplantation with nanocomposite material. This proposal will allow us to develop; a) a customer made 3D bioprinter with multi-printing heads and an environmental chamber which can print 'live' soft organs/scaffolds with seeded cells to meet the individual patients needs; b) a series of polymer nanocomposites suitable for 3D printingorgan constructs/host scaffolds; c) a formulations of bio-inks for printing cells, proteins and biomolecules. d) a printed artificial tracheal constructs using their radiographic images with optimised biochemical, biophysical and mechanical properties. e) Establishment of in-vivo feasibility data through observation of restoration of respiratory function and normal tissue integration of pig models which will be surgically transplanted