Accessible Routes from Crowdsourced Cloud Services (ARCCS)

目前，英国大约有100万人坐轮椅，随着人口老龄化，这个数字还在增长。虽然在过去的20年里，出入建筑物的途径得到了改善，但坐轮椅的人在出行过程中还是遇到了相当大的困难——无论是使用公共交通工具，还是自己推着轮椅从A地到B地。由于需要在非理想环境中旅行而导致手臂和肩膀的过度使用导致受伤和长期功能丧失，加剧了旅行的困难。技术已经发展到可以将传感器系统，通信，数据存储和机器学习算法结合在物联网部署中的程度，使我们能够自动表征环境并测量在其中移动的过程。因此，现在有可能设想这样一个系统，在这个系统中，来自自动数据捕获的信息，加上主观输入和旅行建议的数据馈送，可以结合起来，以一种尊重轮椅使用者特殊残疾的方式为他们提供导航信息。ARCSS项目的目的是设计一个系统，通过采用一种方法，从黄金标准测量到从可变质量的移动电话传感器和连接方式收集数据，从大量人群中捕获已知质量的数据，所有这些都是在野外进行的。就其本身而言，这些数据将成为科学界的独特资源，为轮椅使用者带来潜在的利益。利用这些数据，我们建议开发以下技术：(i)分析并向最终用户呈现信息，以帮助他们以个性化和尊重其特殊残疾的方式进行导航；（ii）向城市规划者提供有关环境问题及其潜在原因或共性的反馈，以循证方式改善设计实践。ARCCS是具有挑战性的工程和利用工程系统进行可接受性和影响的科学研究的融合，从而激励变革。ARCCS涉及物联网技术的设计，主要侧重于高质量的传感、数据存储和通信，而不是驱动。为了代替自动控制，该系统旨在向用户提供信息，使他们能够做出更好的选择，或者确实有助于收集更多的信息，以造福社会。所有工作都将在野外进行，所有工作都将涉及用户组，其作用将从参与式设计和系统引导到使用和评估。这项建议是根据使用轮椅的社区自己发现的问题制定的，这些问题是通过我们在这一领域的现有活动告知我们的。考虑到允许轮椅使用者更好地进入健全的人认为理所当然的地方和服务的社会和经济重要性，我们的意图是使这个项目成为一个非常开放的项目。我们将把物联网硬件和软件作为开源材料发布，并在获得伦理批准的情况下，适当地去识别数据将提供给社区内的进一步研究。

There are, at present, of the order of 1 million people in wheelchairs in the UK and the number is growing as the population ages. Whilst access to buildings has been improved in the past 20 years, people in wheelchairs experience considerable difficulty in the process of travel - whether that is in using public transport or in getting from A to B by wheeling themselves. The overuse of the arms and shoulders that results from the need to travel in non-ideal environments results in injuries and long-term loss of function, exacerbating the difficulties of travel.Technology has evolved to the point where it is possible to combine sensor systems, with communications, data storage and machine learning algorithms in an IoT deployment to allow us automatically to characterise the environment and to measure the process of moving through it. As a consequence, it is now possible to envision a system in which information from automated data capture, coupled with subjective input and data feeds of travel advice, can be combined to provide navigation information to wheelchair users in a way that respects their specific disability.The aim of the ARCSS project is to devise a system capable of capturing data of known quality from a large a group of people, by adopting an approach that moves from gold standard measurement through to the collection of data from mobile phone sensors of variable quality and means of attachment, all of it in the wild. By itself, this data will be a unique resource for the scientific community, to the potential benefit of wheelchair users. Using this data, we propose to develop techniques (i) for analysing and presenting information to end users to help them navigate in a way that is personalised and respects their particular disability; (ii) for providing feedback to urban planners about problems in the environment and potential causes or commonalities between them, with the aim of improving design practice in an evidence-based manner.ARCCS is a fusion of challenging engineering and the use of the engineered systems to conduct scientific studies of acceptability and influence, and so to motivate change. ARCCS involves the design of IoT technologies - primarily focussed on high-quality sensing, data storage and communications rather than actuation. In place of automatic control, the system is designed to provide information to users to allow them to make better choices or, indeed, to contribute to the collection of further information for the general benefit of society. All of the work will be conducted in the wild and all will involve user groups whose role will range from participatory design and system bootstrapping to use and evaluation. This proposal has been developed in the light of problems that have been identified by the wheelchair-using community themselves, as communicated to us through our existing activities in this area.Given the social and economic importance of allowing wheelchair users better access to places and services that able-bodied people take for granted, it is our intention to make this a profoundly open project. We will publish both the IoT hardware and software as open-source materials, and, subject to ethical approval, appropriately de-identified data will be made available for further research within the community.