Industrial Demand Reduction through Innovative Storage Technologies (IDRIST)

据估计，热量使用（空间加热，干燥/分离，高/低温处理）占英国工业能源使用总量的70%以上。存在改进低品位热的使用的重要机会，特别是来自以余热模式操作的工厂，即当废热在与存在热需求时不同的时间产生时。可回收热量的市场潜力估计为每年10 TWh-40 TWh。能源加工的最新发展和减少二氧化碳的需求导致人们对利用这种热量的兴趣越来越大。为了最大限度地利用可回收的热量并支持需求减少，需要智能热/化学存储，其可以在需要时使用，升级用于更高温度的应用或用于抵消工厂内的电力和/或冷却需求。该项目将汇集具有热力学、传热和能源专业知识的学术团体，以及商业界的学者和我们的工业合作伙伴斯派莎克，一家总部位于英国的全球性公司，是工业加热设备的主要供应商。我们的目标是研究和证明新的灵活技术，这些技术将被化工，造纸和食品加工等加工行业所需要和使用。研究的系统包括：1。简单的存储与后期交付在名义上相同的温度。使用先进的相变材料（PCM）或热化学反应物将比使用常规材料的储存器提供高得多的能量密度（即更小）。尺寸在工业应用中是一个关键因素，但也必须注意成本、腐蚀问题、健康和安全等。2.热变压器，可以返回一小部分储存的热量在一个更高的温度比它去。这使得一些原本会被浪费的废热可以升级为蒸汽，提高温度，以便重新使用。蒸汽仍然是许多加工工业中的首选加热介质，可能的应用范围非常广泛。3.热化学存储设备的变化也可以提供功（电）输出或制冷，而不是像PCM存储器结合有机朗肯循环那样提供热量。我们打算证明、比较和对比这些方案的经济性和实用性。除了证明这些系统的技术潜力之外，还必须研究它们的控制策略以及它们如何与真实的产品集成。这就需要一种新的理论方法。当在连续操作的流之间回收/传递热量时，夹点分析技术用于最大限度地回收能量的可能量。当热量输入和输出可以在不同的时间时，这是非常复杂的。我们会发展一项“时间关键点分析”，以科普日益复杂的情况。这些技术将有足够的灵活性，可应用于不同规模的系统，而这种灵活性将使广泛的潜在能源消费者受惠。

It is estimated that heat use (space heating, drying/separation, high/low temperature processing) accounts for over 70% of the total UK industrial energy use. There are significant opportunities for the improved use of low grade heat, particularly from plants which operate in a batching mode, i.e. when waste heat is generated at a different time from when there is a heat demand. The market potential for recoverable heat is estimated to be between 10TWh - 40TWh per annum. Recent developments in energy processing and the need for CO2 reduction have led to a growing interest in using this heat. To maximise the use of recoverable heat and support demand reduction there is a need for intelligent thermal/chemical storage which can be used when required, be upgraded for higher temperature applications or used to offset electricity and/or cooling demand within the plant. This ensures that heat energy which would otherwise be wasted is fully exploited.The project will bring together academic groups with expertise in thermodynamics, heat transfer and energy together with academics in business and our industrial partner, Spirax Sarco, a major UK based but global company who are major suppliers of industrial heating equipment. Our aim is to research and prove new flexible technologies that will be both wanted and used by process industries such as chemicals, paper and food processing. The systems studied will include:1. Simple storage with later delivery at nominally the same temperature. The use of advanced Phase Change Materials (PCMs) or Thermo-Chemical reactants will give much higher energy densities (i.e. be smaller) than stores using conventional materials. Size can be a critical factor in industrial applications, but attention must also be paid to cost, corrosion issues, health and safety etc.2. Thermal transformers that can return a fraction of the stored heat at a higher temperature than it went in. This allows some of the waste heat that would otherwise be wasted to be upgraded to steam raising temperatures for re-use. Steam is still the preferred heating medium in many process industries and possible applications are numerous.3. Variations on Thermo-Chemical storage devices can also deliver a work (electrical) output or refrigeration rather than heat as can PCM stores in conjunction with Organic Rankine Cycles. We intent to prove, compare and contrast the economics and practicability of these options.In addition to proving the technical potential of these systems it will be essential to look at their control strategies and how they can be integrated with real products. This demands a new theoretical approach. When recovering / transferring heat between continuously operating streams the technique of pinch-point analysis is used to maximise the possible quantity of energy recovered. This is much complicated when heat inputs and outputs can be at different times. We will develop a 'temporal pinch-point analysis' to cope with the increased complexity presented.The technologies will have sufficient flexibility to be applied to different size systems and this flexibility will benefit a wide range of potential energy consumers.