Energy-related economic stress in the UK, at the interface between transport, housing and fuel poverty

目前，家庭能源问题的框架是减少能源消耗和排放，同时考虑到燃料贫困--这是英国政策和研究的一个既定领域。对于交通贫困和经济压力来说，情况并非如此，目前这两个问题还在研究之中。尽管交通费用是家庭支出中一个越来越重要的项目，也是英国公众关注的主要原因--特别是对低收入拥有汽车的家庭来说，他们将31%的收入花在交通上。该项目将发展交通贫困的概念，探讨其与住房和燃料贫困的关系，以及对减少能源需求和社会正义的影响。它将在英国的学术和政策辩论与国外的类似辩论之间建立联系，在这些辩论中，运输成本上升和易受油价飙升影响的问题已被纳入可持续空间发展的框架，突出了交通和住房负担能力之间的相互联系。以下研究问题将指导这项研究：1.从社会人口统计学、地理分布以及与住房和燃料贫困的关系来看，英国交通贫困和经济压力的系统性模式是什么？2.这些模式对英国减少能源需求政策和情景的分配和总需求影响有什么启示？该项目旨在与需求中心(www.demand.ac.uk)内其他正在进行的关于对运输需求和负担能力的定性了解的工作建立共生关系。它将利用运输贫困和经济压力方面的硬数字为需求的工作提供信息，同时利用其定性结果为现有数据集的批判性讨论提供信息，并确定定量分析的方向。一套相互依赖的工作包将持续18个月，主要包括二次定量分析。具体目标是：1.根据国际文献综述，从跨学科和国际的角度对交通、住房和燃料贫困之间的关系进行概念化；2.通过分析最近的家庭支出数据(2012年生活成本和食品调查)，探索英国交通支出的模式及其与住房和国内能源支出的关系；3.根据EU-SILC数据集4，探讨英国和欧盟低收入拥有汽车家庭的物质匮乏和经济压力。通过分析默西塞德郡旅游贫困调查，探索以高贫困程度为特征的大都市地区交通贫困的更详细的地理模式。为了利用交通部的测试和结果数据，了解低收入群体技术落后在加剧交通贫困和经济压力方面的潜在作用，并制作全英国范围内与燃料相关的经济压力和汽车用户的石油脆弱性地图。该项目旨在挑战目前的政策制定方式，在这种方式下，交通、住房和燃料贫困问题被视为独立的问题。一系列书面成果(公开提供的工作文件和报告、政策简报)和公众参与活动(为期两天的国际跨学科讲习班和最后传播活动)将旨在强调交通运输贫穷的重要性，并将利益攸关方的跨部门受众聚集在一起，在交叉施肥和知识共享方面产生潜在影响。其目标是按照在国外试验的措施(例如，地点高效抵押贷款、建筑流动效率证书、计算住宅搬迁流动成本的在线工具)，促进制定创新的跨部门政策。

At present, home energy issues are framed in terms of reducing energy consumption and emissions while at the same time taking into account fuel poverty - an established area of interest for British policy and research. The same is not true for transport poverty and economic stress, which are currently under researched. This is despite transport costs being an increasingly significant item of household expenditure, and a major cause of public concern in the UK - notably for low income car-owning households, who spend 31% of their income on transport. The project will develop the concept of transport poverty, exploring its relationships with housing and fuel poverty, and implications for energy demand reduction and social justice. It will develop connections between the British academic and policy debate and similar debates abroad, where issues of increasing transport costs and vulnerability to oil price spikes have been framed in terms of sustainable spatial development, highlighting the interlinkages between transport and housing affordability. The following research questions will guide the study:1. What are the systematic patterns of transport poverty and economic stress in the UK, in terms of socio-demographics, geographic distribution and relationships with housing and fuel poverty? 2. What do these patterns suggest for the distributional and total demand implications of energy demand reduction policies and scenarios for the UK? The project has been designed to have a symbiotic relationship with other on-going work on qualitative understandings of transport needs and affordability within the DEMAND Centre (www.demand.ac.uk). It will inform DEMAND's work with hard figures on transport poverty and economic stress, while at the same time using their qualitative findings to inform a critical discussion of existing data sets and to orientate the quantitative analysis.A set of 5 interdependent workpackages, mostly consisting of secondary quantitative analysis, will span 18 months. The specific goals are: 1. to conceptualise the relationships between transport, housing and fuel poverty in an interdisciplinary and international perspective, based on an international literature review 2. to explore patterns of transport spending and its relationship with spending on housing and domestic energy in the UK, by analysing recent family expenditure data (Living Costs and Food Survey 2012)3. to explore material deprivation and economic stress in low-income car owning households in the UK and the EU, based on the EU-SILC dataset4. to explore more geographically detailed patterns of transport poverty for a metropolitan area characterised by high levels of deprivation, by analysing the Merseyside Travel Poverty Survey5. to exploit MOT Tests and Results Data to understand the potential role of technological lags for lower income groups in aggravating transport poverty and economic stress, and to produce UK-wide maps of the fuel-related economic stress and oil vulnerability of car usersThe project aims to challenge the current "silo" approach of policy making, in which issues of transport, housing and fuel poverty are seen as separate. A series of written outputs (publicly available working paper and report, policy briefing) and public engagement events (2-day international interdisciplinary workshop and final dissemination event) will aim to highlight the significance of transport poverty and to bring together a cross-sectoral audience of stakeholders, with potential impacts in terms of cross-fertilization and knowledge sharing. The ambition is to contribute to the development of innovative cross-sectoral policies, along the lines of measures experimented abroad (e.g. location efficient mortgages, mobility-efficiency certificates for building, online tools for calculating the mobility costs of residential relocation).