DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL DEPTH PERCEPTION IN HUMAN

人类视觉深度感知的发展

• 批准号: 3469543
• 负责人: CARL E GRANRUD
• 金额: $ 8.07万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-04-01 至 1991-03-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3469543
• 关键词: behavioral habituation /sensitization; binocular vision; child physical development; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neural information processing; newborn human (0-6 weeks); sequential perception; vision tests; visual depth perception; visual feedback; visual photosensitivity

This project will investigate the development of visual depth perception in human infants. It has two main goals. The first is to determine whether depth perception is present in newborn infants. Four experiments will be conducted to achieve this goal. They will use habituation of looking procedures to investigate whether newborn infants can perceive an object's constant physical size despite a change in its distance and retinal image size, and an object's constant physical shape despite a change in its slant and retinal image shape. Because these abilities, called size and shape constancy, require depth perception, their existence in newborns would indicate that some degree of depth perception is present at birth. The second main goal is to conduct a systematic investigation of changes in depth perception during the first seven months of life, and to identify the major transition points in depth perception development. This investigation will focus on the visual information (i.e., the depth cues) that infants use to perceive objects' distances and three-dimensional shapes. The adult visual system uses many depth cues to perceive distance and shape, including kinetic cues produced by motion in the optic array, binocular disparity, and pictorial cues such as perspective and shading. Young infants, in contrast, appear to be insensitive to most of these depth cues. The existing data suggest the hypothesis that infants have rudimentary depth perception abilities bases exclusively on kinetic cues before 3 months of age, that binocular (stereoscopic) depth perception develops between 3 and 4 months, and that sensitivity to the pictorial depth cues first appears between 5 and 7 months. Several experiments are proposed to test this hypothesis. They will use reaching, habituation, and preferential looking measures to seek the earliest age at which infants can perceive objects' distances and shapes from each class of depth cue. If these experiments confirm that sensitivity to kinetic, binocular, and pictorial depth cues develops in a stage-like sequence, follow-up studies will explore the significance of this developmental pattern by investigation how the emergence of sensitivity to a wider range of depth cues affects the infant's ability to perceive the environment's three-dimensional layout. The ultimate goal is a detailed theory of the mechanisms and processes underlying infant depth perception and its development.

本研究将探讨视觉深度知觉的发展， 人类婴儿 它有两个主要目标。 第一，确定是否 深度知觉存在于新生儿中。 四个实验将 为实现这一目标而进行的。 他们会习惯性地 调查新生儿是否能感知物体的 尽管其距离和视网膜图像发生变化，但物理尺寸不变 尺寸，以及物体尽管倾斜度发生变化但物理形状不变 和视网膜图像形状。 因为这些能力，叫做大小和形状 恒定性，需要深度感知，它们在新生儿中的存在将 表明某种程度深度知觉在出生时就存在。 第二个主要目标是系统地调查 在生命的前七个月，深度知觉，并确定 深度知觉发展的主要过渡点。 这 调查将集中于视觉信息（即，深度提示） 婴儿用来感知物体的距离和三维空间 形状. 成人的视觉系统使用许多深度线索来感知距离 和形状，包括由光学阵列中的运动产生的动力学线索， 双眼视差和图像线索，如透视和阴影。 相比之下，小婴儿似乎对这些深度的大部分不敏感。 线索 现有的数据表明，婴儿有 基本的深度知觉能力完全依赖于运动线索 在3个月大之前，双眼（立体）深度知觉 在3到4个月之间发展，对图片的敏感性 深度线索首次出现在5至7个月之间。 几个实验是 来检验这个假设。 他们将使用到达，习惯， 采取优惠措施，寻求婴儿可以在最早年龄 感知物体的距离和形状从每一类的深度线索。 如果 这些实验证实了对运动的、双眼的和 图片深度线索的发展在一个阶段样的序列，后续研究 将通过以下方式探讨这种发展模式的意义： 调查如何出现敏感性，以更广泛的深度 暗示会影响婴儿感知环境的能力 三维布局。 最终的目标是一个详细的理论的机制和过程 婴儿的深度知觉及其发展。