DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL DEPTH PERCEPTION IN HUMANS

人类视觉深度感知的发展

• 批准号: 3469545
• 负责人: CARL E GRANRUD
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-04-01 至 1991-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3469545
• 关键词: behavioral habituation /sensitization; binocular vision; child physical development; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neural information processing; newborn human (0-6 weeks); sequential perception; vision tests; visual depth perception; visual feedback; visual photosensitivity

This project will investigate the development of visual depth perception in human infants. It has two main goals. The first is to determine whether depth perception is present in newborn infants. Four experiments will be conducted to achieve this goal. They will use habituation of looking procedures to investigate whether newborn infants can perceive an object's constant physical size despite a change in its distance and retinal image size, and an object's constant physical shape despite a change in its slant and retinal image shape. Because these abilities, called size and shape constancy, require depth perception, their existence in newborns would indicate that some degree of depth perception is present at birth. The second main goal is to conduct a systematic investigation of changes in depth perception during the first seven months of life, and to identify the major transition points in depth perception development. This investigation will focus on the visual information (i.e., the depth cues) that infants use to perceive objects' distances and three-dimensional shapes. The adult visual system uses many depth cues to perceive distance and shape, including kinetic cues produced by motion in the optic array, binocular disparity, and pictorial cues such as perspective and shading. Young infants, in contrast, appear to be insensitive to most of these depth cues. The existing data suggest the hypothesis that infants have rudimentary depth perception abilities bases exclusively on kinetic cues before 3 months of age, that binocular (stereoscopic) depth perception develops between 3 and 4 months, and that sensitivity to the pictorial depth cues first appears between 5 and 7 months. Several experiments are proposed to test this hypothesis. They will use reaching, habituation, and preferential looking measures to seek the earliest age at which infants can perceive objects' distances and shapes from each class of depth cue. If these experiments confirm that sensitivity to kinetic, binocular, and pictorial depth cues develops in a stage-like sequence, follow-up studies will explore the significance of this developmental pattern by investigation how the emergence of sensitivity to a wider range of depth cues affects the infant's ability to perceive the environment's three-dimensional layout. The ultimate goal is a detailed theory of the mechanisms and processes underlying infant depth perception and its development.

本项目将研究视觉深度知觉的发展 人类婴儿。它有两个主要目标。第一个是确定是否 深度知觉存在于新生儿中。四个实验将是 为实现这一目标而进行的。他们会使用看的习惯性 调查新生儿是否能感知物体的程序 尽管其距离和视网膜图像发生变化，但其物理大小保持不变 大小和物体的恒定物理形状，尽管其倾斜程度发生了变化 和视网膜图像的形状。因为这些能力，称为大小和形状 坚持不懈，需要深度感知，它们在新生儿中的存在将 表明在出生时就存在一定程度的深度知觉。 第二个主要目标是对以下方面的变化进行系统调查 在生命的头七个月中的深度知觉，并识别 深度知觉发展的主要转折点。这 调查将重点放在视觉信息(即深度线索)上 婴儿用来感知物体的距离和三维 形状。成年人的视觉系统使用许多深度线索来感知距离 和形状，包括由光学阵列中的运动产生的动力学提示， 双目视差，以及透视和明暗处理等图形提示。 相比之下，小婴儿似乎对这些深度中的大多数都不敏感。 暗示。现有的数据表明，婴儿有一种假设 基本的深度知觉能力完全基于动态线索 在3个月大之前，双眼(立体)深度知觉 在3到4个月内发育，对图片的敏感性 深度线索首次出现在5到7个月之间。有几个实验是 提出用来检验这一假说。他们将使用伸展、习惯化和 寻求婴儿最早年龄的优惠措施 从每一类深度线索感知物体的距离和形状。如果 这些实验证实，对运动、双目和 图片深度线索以阶段性顺序发展，后续研究 将通过以下方式探讨这种发展模式的意义 调查敏感度是如何在更大范围内深入出现的 线索影响婴儿感知环境的能力 立体布局。 最终目标是建立一个详细的机制和过程理论。 潜在的婴幼儿深度知觉及其发展。