GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION

减数分裂染色体分离的遗传分析

• 批准号: 3469004
• 负责人: JOANNE ENGEBRECHT
• 金额: $ 9.23万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 1997-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3469004
• 关键词: SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; alleles; cell cycle; chromosome movement; cytogenetics; fluorescence microscopy; fungal genetics; gene complementation; gene expression; gene interaction; gene mutation; genetic library; genetic mapping; genetic recombination; meiosis; molecular cloning; nondisjunction; northern blottings; nucleic acid sequence; protein structure function; suppressor mutations; transposon /insertion element; western blottings

The meiotic cell cycle enables diploid organisms to generate haploid gametes by completing a single round of DNA replication followed by two successive rounds of chromosome segregation. Therefore, the faithful transmission of genetic information at meiosis is essential for the propagation of sexually reproductive organisms. Missegregation of a single chromosome during meiosis has severe consequences, resulting in defective or inviable progeny. Probing the underlying molecular mechanisms of meiotic chromosome segregation is essential to understanding how chromosomes disjoin with fidelity and how this process can be perturbed. The sequence of meiotic events in the yeast, Sacchromyces cerevisiae, is fundamentally similar to the analogous events in higher eukaryotes; therefore, yeast serves as an excellent model system for the study of meiotic chromosome segregation. Genetic analysis of meiosis in yeast has provided a wealth of information concerning how chromosome synapsis and genetic recombination mediate disjunction at the first meiotic division. However, very few genes have been shown to function in other processes essential for homologous chromosome disjunction. This application proposes to use a genetic approach to identify and characterize genes which function to insure homologous chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division. Several meiotic- lethal, recombination-proficient mutants have been isolated. The phenotypes of these mutants, designated mes (meiotic segregation) mutants, suggest that they carry mutations in genes which function to mediate chromosome disjunction without affecting recombination. The mes mutants will be further characterized genetically to determine at what step chromosome segregation has been perturbed. The wild-type genes will be cloned and sequenced. Cytological studies will be performed to localize the MES gene products to specific meiotic structures. Additionally, interacting gene products will be identified using genetic and biochemical approaches. Analysis of function of MES and interacting gene products will provide information about how chromosomes segregate with fidelity during the meiotic cell cycle.

减数分裂细胞周期使二倍体生物产生单倍体 配子通过完成单轮DNA复制，然后完成两轮 连续几轮的染色体分离。因此，信徒们 在减数分裂过程中遗传信息的传递对于 有性生殖生物体的繁殖。错误地隔离一个 减数分裂过程中的单个染色体会产生严重的后果，导致 有缺陷的或不能存活的后代。探索潜在的分子 减数分裂染色体分离的机制是 了解染色体如何与保真度分离以及这一过程如何 可能会感到不安。酵母中减数分裂事件的顺序， 酿酒酵母，从根本上说是类似的事件 在高等真核生物中；因此，酵母菌是一个很好的模型 研究减数分裂染色体分离的系统。遗传分析 对酵母减数分裂的研究提供了丰富的信息 染色体突触和遗传重组介导了染色体的分离。 第一次减数分裂。然而，很少有基因被证明可以 同源染色体所必需的其他过程中的功能 析取。这个应用程序建议使用遗传方法来 识别和表征功能以确保同源性的基因 第一次减数分裂时的染色体分离。几次减数分裂- 致命的、精通重组的突变体已经被分离出来。这个 这些突变体的表型，命名为MES(减数分裂分离) 突变，表明他们携带基因突变，这些突变的功能是 在不影响重组的情况下介导染色体分离。MES 将对突变体进行进一步的基因特征分析，以确定 阶梯状染色体分离被扰乱了。野生型基因将 被克隆和测序。将进行细胞学研究以 将MES基因产物定位于特定的减数分裂结构。 此外，相互作用的基因产物将使用Genetic 以及生化方法。制造执行系统的功能分析与交互 基因产品将提供有关染色体如何分离的信息 在减数分裂细胞周期中的保真度。