VERBAL OVERSHADOWING OF NON-VERBAL MEMORIES

言语掩盖非言语记忆

• 批准号: 3475189
• 负责人: JONATHAN W SCHOOLER
• 金额: $ 9.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-08-01 至 1995-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3475189
• 关键词: memory; social perception; verbal behavior; verbal conditioning

The long term objective of this research program is to determine how, why, and when verbal recall of a perceptual experience can impair memory. The proposed research will explore the hypothesis that this type of interference, termed verbal overshadowing, results from interference between two global memory components: a verbal, featural, conceptual, component and a perceptual, holistic, familiarity component. The basic approach for testing this hypothesis will be to explore whether verbalization of perceptual memories causes the recognition mechanism to shift its emphasis from the information and processes hypothesized to be associated with the perceptual component to those of the verbal component. The first set of experiments will use communication accuracy measures and visual and verbal concurrent interference tasks to explore the hypothesis that verbalizing a previously encountered face or color causes the recognition process to emphasize the verbal component at the expense of the perceptual component. The second set of experiments will test the hypothesis that reliance on the hypothesized verbal component results in a deemphasis on configural information and holistic processing. This hypothesis predicts that when configural information is very important for example when a face changes in orientation between encoding and test, that verbalization may be quite disruptive. However, when configural information is not involved in recognition, as is the case for inverted faces, then verbalization should be benign and possibly beneficial. The third set of experiments will explore the differential time course of the two memory components suggested by the fact that verbal overshadowing is alleviated when subjects are forced to make quick recognition decisions. The fourth set of experiments will explore the generality of verbal overshadowing to: odor, music, abstract shapes, and affective decisions. In later years, additional research will further flesh out the verbal overshadowing mechanisms by: 1) examining its correspondence to laterality differences, 2) exploring whether the counter-phenomena of "visual overshadowing" occurs, and 3) determining the relationship between verbal overshadowing and the development of verbal and non-verbal expertise. This research is directly relevant to literatures on dual codes, two stage recognition theories, holistic/analytic processing distinctions, laterality differences, and research investigating the verbal mediation of memory. It also has implied implications to the areas of eyewitness testimony, instructional development, and to mental health settings in which patients may be either instructed or abnormally inclined to verbalize their experiences.

这项研究计划的长期目标是确定如何、为什么 以及当言语回忆一种知觉经验会损害记忆时。这个 拟议的研究将探索这样一种假设，即这种类型的 干扰，称为言语遮蔽，是干扰的结果 在两个全局记忆成分之间：语言的、特征的、概念的 构成要素和感知的、整体的、熟悉的要素。最基本的 检验这一假说的方法将是探索 知觉记忆的言语化导致识别机制 将重点从假设的信息和过程转移 与感知成分相关联的与言语成分相关联的。 第一组实验将使用通信精度测量和 视觉和言语并发干扰任务对假设的探索 对以前遇到的面孔或颜色进行语言描述会导致 强调言语成分的识别过程，而不是 知觉成分。第二组实验将测试 假设依赖于假设的动词成分会导致 不重视结构信息和整体加工。这 假说预测，当结构信息对 例如，当人脸在编码和测试之间更改方向时， 口语化可能会造成相当大的破坏。但是，在配置时 信息不涉及识别，这是倒置的情况 面孔，那么口头表达应该是良性的，可能是有益的。这个 第三组实验将探索不同的时间进程 言语遮蔽是记忆的两个组成部分 当受试者被迫做出快速识别决定时，这种情况会得到缓解。 第四组实验将探索动词的共性 盖过了气味、音乐、抽象的形状和情感的决定。 在接下来的几年里，更多的研究将进一步充实语言 遮盖机制：1)检查其与偏侧性的对应关系 差异，2)探索是否存在反视觉现象 3)决定言语与语言之间的关系 掩盖和发展语言和非语言的专业知识。 这项研究与双码、两级码的文献直接相关 认知理论、整体/分析加工差异、侧向性 差异，以及调查记忆的言语中介的研究。它 也隐含着对目击者证词领域的影响， 指导发展，以及患者在其中的精神健康环境 可能会被指示或异常倾向于用言语表达他们的 经历。